基于锂离子电池热失控模型的电热耦合滥用条件分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0064

储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 1344-1352.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0064

基于锂离子电池热失控模型的电热耦合滥用条件分析

许金龙¹(), 沈佳妮¹, 王乾坤¹, 贺益君¹(), 马紫峰¹, 谈文², 杨庆亨²

^1.上海交通大学化学工程系，上海 200240
^2.上海派能能源科技股份有限公司，上海 201203

收稿日期:2021-02-24 修回日期:2021-04-30 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 贺益君 E-mail:jinlongxu1@163.com;heyijun@sjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:许金龙（1993—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为电池安全性，E-mail：jinlongxu1@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21978166)

Analysis of electrothermal coupling abuse condition based on thermal runaway model of lithium-ion battery

Jinlong XU¹(), Jiani SHEN¹, Qiankun WANG¹, Yijun HE¹(), Zifeng MA¹, Wen TAN², Qingheng YANG²

^1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Pylontech Enegy Technology Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 201203, China

Received:2021-02-24 Revised:2021-04-30 Online:2021-07-05 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: Yijun HE E-mail:jinlongxu1@163.com;heyijun@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由锂离子电池热失控引发的各类安全问题是目前电动汽车和大规模储能电站继续推广的一大瓶颈。电、热滥用是引发电池热失控的关键原因，研究锂离子电池的热失控现象对保证锂离子电池安全运行意义重大。基于锂离子电池热失控模型，系统研究了充电倍率、环境温度和散热条件等因素对锂离子电池热失控过程中电、热响应特性的影响。结果表明，相较于常温下的过充热失控过程，在过充-过热耦合作用下，电池热失控SOC会有所降低，当处于极端高温环境时，热失控在电池未充满阶段即可发生。在过热及低表面换热环境下，充电倍率对电池热失控SOC影响不大；在过热及自然对流环境下，随着充电倍率增加，电池热失控SOC提高，热失控时间提前。本研究为可靠的电池安全预警技术开发提供了支持。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 过充, 过温, 热失控模型, 电热耦合滥用

Abstract:

At present, the safety problem caused by thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been the bottleneck for the promotion of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage stations. To tackle this problem, great efforts have been made to study the TR characteristics of LIBs. The electrical abuse and the thermal abuse are two key reasons that induce the TR. In this paper, based on the TR model, the electrical and thermal response of LIB are systematically studied under different abuse conditions. Three influencing impacts are comprehensively investigated, including charging rate, ambient temperature and heat dissipation. These results show that compared with the TR induced by the overcharge, the TR would occur at lower SOC under the combined overcharge and overheating condition. In the face of extreme high temperature environment, the TR could even occur at the early charge stage. Moreover, under the overheat condition with low surface heat transfer coefficient, the charging rate has little effect on trigger SOC of thermal runaway; While under the overheat condition with natural convection condition, the thermal runaway would occur at higher SOC with the increase of charging rate, but the thermal runaway time would be reduced. This study provides support for the development of reliable battery safety early warning technology.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, overcharge, overheat, thermal runaway model, electrothermal coupling abuse

中图分类号:

TM 912

许金龙, 沈佳妮, 王乾坤, 贺益君, 马紫峰, 谈文, 杨庆亨. 基于锂离子电池热失控模型的电热耦合滥用条件分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1344-1352.

Jinlong XU, Jiani SHEN, Qiankun WANG, Yijun HE, Zifeng MA, Wen TAN, Qingheng YANG. Analysis of electrothermal coupling abuse condition based on thermal runaway model of lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(4): 1344-1352.

图/表 13

图1

表1

熵热系数在不同荷电状态下的值"

SOC	0	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.0	>1.0
$? U ? T$ /mV·K^-1	0.310	0.130	0.005	0.020	0.032	0.059	0

表1

图2

表2

电池各组件热模型参数"

组件名称	材料名称	$ρ$ /kg·m^-3	C_p /J·(kg·K)^-1	$λ$ /W·(m·K)^-1
内核	内核	2600	1100	$λ x = λ y = 21$ $λ z = 1.1$
壳体	铝	2700	900	160
正极柱	铝	2700	900	160
负极柱	铜镀镍	8522	385	146

表2

表3

电池内部副反应相关参数"

副反应sr	焓变 $Δ H s r$ /J·g^-1	指前因子A_sr/s^-1	活化能E_a_,_sr/J·mol^-1
Li	585.5	$4 × 1016$	$1.35 × 105$
ele	728	1200	$7.33 × 104$
SEI	257	$1.667 × 1015$	$1.35 × 105$
ano	1714	8	$3.4 × 104$
Cat,1	77	$1.75 × 109$	$1.1495 × 105$
Cat,2	84	$1.077 × 1012$	$1.588 × 105$

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

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基于锂离子电池热失控模型的电热耦合滥用条件分析

Analysis of electrothermal coupling abuse condition based on thermal runaway model of lithium-ion battery

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