服役工况下车用锂离子动力电池散热方法综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0156

储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (6): 2269-2282.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0156

服役工况下车用锂离子动力电池散热方法综述

刘霏霏¹(), 鲍荣清¹, 程贤福¹, 李骏¹, 秦武¹, 杨超峰²

^1.华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院，江西南昌 330013
^2.安徽中鼎减震橡胶技术有限公司，安徽宣城 242399

收稿日期:2021-04-13 修回日期:2021-05-18 出版日期:2021-11-05 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: 刘霏霏 E-mail:daisy-lff@163.com
作者简介:刘霏霏（1983—），女，博士，讲师，研究方向为电动汽车热管理及环境适应性研究、动力电池热-电耦合复杂系统，E-mail：daisy-lff@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（青年基金）(51806066);江西省自然科学基金（青年基金）(20181BAB216023);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(202007d06050015)

Review on heat dissipation methods of lithium-ion power battery for vehicles under service conditions

Feifei LIU¹(), Rongqing BAO¹, Xianfu CHENG¹, Jun LI¹, Wu QIN¹, Chaofeng YANG²

^1.School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
^2.Anhui Zhongding Shock Absorbing Rubber Technology Co. Ltd. , Xuancheng 242399, Anhui, China

Received:2021-04-13 Revised:2021-05-18 Online:2021-11-05 Published:2021-11-03
Contact: Feifei LIU E-mail:daisy-lff@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电动汽车的广泛使用，锂离子动力电池俨然成为纯电动汽车首选的动力来源，然而其热安全性问题也日益突出。基于此，本文针对车用锂离子动力电池在服役工况下尤其高温时存在的安全性差、工作不可靠及循环寿命短等热问题，根据电池的动态散热特性着重介绍了车用锂离子动力电池常用的冷却方法，包括空冷散热、液冷散热、相变材料冷却、热管冷却和耦合散热，说明了集多种冷却方式耦合的热管理系统与单一散热方法相比不仅能提高散热效率，还可以改善电池的均温性。并结合上述散热方法的研究进展及关键技术，主要在空冷通道优化、液冷结构设计及冷却液介质分析、相变材料应用特性、热管的冷却特性及热特性等方面进行了具体综述。最后，针对目前常用的动力电池散热方法中存在的问题提出了合理化建议，展望了电池热管理系统与汽车乘员热舒适性、电动机舱热管理及车辆热环境相耦合，形成整车热管理系统的开发，以期为电池热管理系统设计开发等相关领域的研究提供一定参考。

关键词: 锂离子动力电池, 热安全问题, 热管理, 冷却方法

Abstract:

As the electric vehicle (EV) becomes more popular, the lithium-ion (Li-ion) power cell has become the primary power source for EVs, but thermal safety issues are becoming more prevalent. Based on this, battery cooling methods such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change material cooling are introduced to address the severe thermal problems such as poor safety, unreliable operation, and short cycle life of Li-ion power batteries for EVs under service conditions, particularly at high temperatures. Furthermore, a thermal management system coupled with multi-cooling methods to improve heat dissipation efficiency than a single heat dissipation method is illustrated, which can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery. Furthermore, the optimization of air cooling channels, design of liquid cooling structure and analysis of cooling medium, application characteristics of phase change materials, cooling characteristics, and thermal characteristics of heat pipes are summarized in detail in conjunction with the research progress and key technologies of the aforementioned heat dissipation methods. Finally, to address the issues that exist in the current heat dissipation methods of power batteries, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) is proposed by combining it with the car occupant heat comfort, motor cabin heat management, and vehicle thermal environment to form a vehicle heat management system that will serve as a reference for future research on the design and development of BTMS.

Key words: lithium-ion power battery, thermal safety problem, thermal management, cooling method

中图分类号:

U 469.72

刘霏霏, 鲍荣清, 程贤福, 李骏, 秦武, 杨超峰. 服役工况下车用锂离子动力电池散热方法综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2269-2282.

Feifei LIU, Rongqing BAO, Xianfu CHENG, Jun LI, Wu QIN, Chaofeng YANG. Review on heat dissipation methods of lithium-ion power battery for vehicles under service conditions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2269-2282.

图/表 12

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服役工况下车用锂离子动力电池散热方法综述

Review on heat dissipation methods of lithium-ion power battery for vehicles under service conditions

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