基于贪婪算法的分布式储能系统容量优化配置方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式储能系统(distributed energy storage system，DESS)对电力系统调峰至关重要，其选址和容量配置一直是业内研究热点，然而DESS规划配置方面依然存在经济技术分析不够全面和计算复杂度较高的问题。基于此，本文提出了一种基于贪婪算法的分布式储能系统容量优化配置方法。首先建立了全面的DESS经济模型和运行约束模型，相对传统仅考虑投资成本和运行成本的缺陷，增加了储能运行调度带来的经济效益；然后通过功率损耗灵敏度(power loss sensitivity，PLS)进行选址，可降低寻址问题的维度并提高优化效率；接着利用贪婪算法将DESS划分为诸多单元分别优化，并将每个单元的决策过程简化为简单模型，可显著提高求解效率；为验证所提方法的有效性，本文以浙江嘉兴市某小区负荷数据为例，在MATLAB R2015b中进行仿真分析。结果表明：①相比遗传算法，本文算法仅能得到局部最优解，获得的经济效益略低，但差距不大，可显著提高计算效率；②相比于整体优化，其优化结果相同，但不涉及网损等成本计算，计算效率进一步提高。

关键词: 分布式储能系统, 容量分配, 选址, 贪婪算法, 蒙特卡罗模拟

Abstract:

Distributed energy storage system (DESS) is very important for peak shaving of the power system. Its location and capacity arrangement has traditionally made it a focus for field study. However, poor economic and technical analyses, as well as DESS's high processing cost, remain issues. In light of this, this research provides a greedy algorithm-based optimum capacity allocation strategy for a DESS. First, a comprehensive DESS economic model and operation constraint model are established. Compared with the traditional defect of only considering investment and operation costs, it increases the economic benefits brought by energy storage operation scheduling. Then, using power loss sensitivity, site selection can lower the dimension of the addressing problem and enhance optimization efficiency. Then, the greedy algorithm is used to divide the DESS into many units and optimize them, and the decision-making process of each unit is simplified into a simple model, which can significantly improve the solution efficiency. The simulation study is conducted in MATLAB R2015b to validate the efficiency of the suggested technique, using load data from a neighborhood in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, as an example. The results show that (1) when compared with evolutionary algorithms, this approach can only find the local optimal solution, and the economic gain is slightly smaller (albeit the difference is modest), but it can greatly improve computing efficiency and (2) the optimization results are identical to the entire optimization, but it excludes the computation of network loss cost, resulting in increased calculation efficiency.

Key words: distributed energy storage system, capacity allocation, location, greedy algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation

中图分类号:

TM 933

郭雨涵, 郁丹, 杨鹏, 王子绩, 王金涛. 基于贪婪算法的分布式储能系统容量优化配置方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2295-2304.

Yuhan GUO, Dan YU, Peng YANG, Ziji WANG, Jintao WANG. Optimal capacity allocation method of a distributed energy storage system based on greedy algorithm[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2295-2304.

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节点编号	贪婪算法		遗传算法
节点编号	容量/kWh	净效益/元	容量/kWh	净效益/元
16	80.4	109	80.3	111
19	187.5	109	187.9	111
27	91.0	计算时间	93.8	计算时间
28	107.1	370.8 ms	106.5	2.7 s
29	133.9	370.8 ms	131.5	2.7 s

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