新型径向流动全钒液流电池单元数值模拟

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全钒液流电池因其选址自由、效率高、寿命长以及安全性高等特点，广泛应用于大规模储能领域，然而现有电池结构单一，无法满足储能领域高速发展的需求。为提高全钒液流电池电化学性能，采用数值模拟方法，针对新型径向流动全钒液流电池单元，建立电池单元内部电化学反应与热质传递耦合作用数学物理模型，获得了不同电解液进口数量下新型电池单元内部多物理场耦合输运特性分布规律，包括电解液速度场、压降、离子浓度以及电极电势的分布规律。结果表明，电池电解液进口数量的增加，可以有效改善电解液在多孔电极内的输运性能，提升多孔电极内部离子浓度分布均匀性，削弱离子浓度极化现象，提高电极电势，增强电池性能。同时，在多孔电极入口处设置电解液分配管，可以有效减小电解液流动阻力，提升电解液分配均匀性，进一步提升电池性能。仿真模拟的研究结果可为全钒液流电池结构的优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 全钒液流电池, 径向流动全钒液流电池, 电化学储能, 传热传质, 数值模拟

Abstract:

All-vanadium redox flow batteries are widely used in the field of large-scale energy storage because of their freedom of location, high efficiency, long life, and high safety. The existing battery, on the other hand, has a single structure and cannot meet the needs of the rapidly developing energy storage field. A numerical simulation method is used to establish a mathematical and physical model for the coupling of electrochemical reactions and heat and mass transfer inside the battery cell to achieve the new radial flow all-vanadium flow battery cells. The distribution law of multi-physics coupling transport characteristics is obtained for different inlet quantities. Ion concentration field, electrolyte velocity field, voltage drop, and electric potential distribution law are all included. The results show that optimizing the number of electrolyte inlets can effectively improve electrolyte transport performance in porous electrodes, improve the uniformity of the ion concentration distribution in porous electrodes, weaken ion concentration polarization, increase the electrode potential, and enhance the battery performance. Simultaneously, the electrolyte distribution channel is set at the electrolyte flow inlet, thereby effectively reducing electrolyte flow resistance, improving electrolyte distribution uniformity, and improving battery performance. The simulation research results can be used to optimize the design of a flow battery.

Key words: all-vanadium flow battery, radial flow all-vanadium flow battery, electrochemical energy storage, heat and mass transfer, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 02

祁梦瑶, 侯一晨, 陈磊, 杨立军. 新型径向流动全钒液流电池单元数值模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3209-3220.

Mengyao QI, Yichen HOU, Lei CHEN, Lijun YANG. Numerical simulation of a novel radial all-vanadium flow battery cell[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3209-3220.

图/表 15

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

表4

液流电池单元性能设计参数"

参数	符号	数值	单位	来源
孔隙率	ε_p	0.929	—	文献[20]
比表面积	a	1.62×10⁴	m^-1	文献[20]
碳纤维直径	d_p	1.76×10^-5	m	文献[20]
电导率	σ_s	1000	S/m	文献[21]
科泽尼-卡尔曼常数	k_CK	4.28	—	文献[21]
黏度	Μ	4.928×10^-3	Pa·s	文献[21]
钒离子初始浓度	c_V	1500	mol/m³	文献[21]
负极初始质子浓度	c_{H_0_neg}	4500	mol/m³	文献[21]
阴极传递系数	α_c	0.5	—	文献[21]
阳极传递系数	α_a	0.5	—	文献[21]
V²⁺的扩散系数	$D V 2 +$	2.4×10^-10	m²/s	文献[22]
V³⁺的扩散系数	$D V 3 +$	2.4×10^-10	m²/s	文献[22]
水初始浓度	c_H2O	46500	mol/m³	文献[23]
负极标准反应速率常数	k_{_neg}	1.7×10^-7	m/s	文献[24]
标准平衡电位	E_eq	-0.255	V	文献[25]

表4

表5

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 26

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参数	符号	数值	单位
电极厚度	δ	3.5	mm
入口横截面积	S_in	17.5	mm²
径向电极内半径	r	10	mm
径向电极外半径	R	112.5	mm

源	负极	项
S_i	V²⁺	aj/F
	V³⁺	-aj/F
S_φ	φ_s	aj
	φ_l	-aj

参数	符号	数值	单位
温度	T	298	K
入口电解液流量	U	663.6	mL/min
出口压力	p_out	0	Pa
外加电流密度	I	160	mA/cm²
荷电状态	SOC	80	%

网格单元数	V³⁺平均浓度/(mol/m³)
42556	259.6
61893	263.2
86532	265.8

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