锂离子电池负极石墨回收处理及资源循环

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0193

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源汽车的普及是推动绿色发展、保障能源安全的战略选择，是汽车行业碳减排的重要举措，并且对于我国实现碳中和、碳达峰的目标意义重大。锂离子动力电池作为新能源汽车的核心驱动力，其退役后的清洁处理和高效利用，关系到电动汽车行业能否实现绿色可持续发展。石墨具有可逆容量高、循环稳定性好等优点，被广泛地用于制备锂离子电池负极材料。因此，石墨负极材料的回收处理与资源循环应该引起高度重视。本文从深度净化、选择性提锂和残存电解质去除等角度，对废锂离子电池负极石墨回收处理技术进行了归纳和总结，梳理出再生石墨及其产品的资源循环利用途径，并基于全生命周期评价技术分析石墨回收技术的优缺点。最后，对锂离子电池负极石墨未来的回收处理与资源循环技术挑战和发展趋势进行展望，提出未来应着眼于厘清电池失效机理、实现全组分高效回收、坚持绿色化学新理念、拓宽高值化应用市场的四位一体发展模式。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 负极石墨, 回收处理, 资源再利用, 全生命周期评价

Abstract:

Popularizing innovative energy vehicles is a strategic decision for promoting green growth and ensuring energy security. It is a significant step in reducing carbon emissions in the automobile industry, particularly toward achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peaking in China. As the core power source for innovative energy vehicles, the green recycling and effective use of spent lithium-ion batteries are directly related to the realization of green and sustainable development in the electric vehicle industry. Graphite is currently the state-of-the-art anode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries owing to its high reversible capacity and good cycling stability. Therefore, the recovery and recycling of used graphite anode materials should be actively investigated. This study discusses recent technology for recovering and treating anode graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries. Several recovery and treatment approaches, such as deep purification, selective lithium extraction, and residual electrolyte removal, and their limits are described. The diversified resource recycling paths of recycled graphite and its products are summarized on the basis of different graphite structural characteristics, including its role as anode material or raw material for catalysts, graphene, and composite films. Furthermore, the life cycle evaluation of graphite recycling is outlined, and the environmental effect advantages and disadvantages of various graphite recycling treatment systems are explored. Finally, the technological problems and future developments of graphite recovery and resource recycling for lithium-ion battery anodes are explored. In addition, we recommend that future research should concentrate on the following four-in-one development: elucidating the battery failure mechanism, realizing the efficient recovery of all components, adhering to the new idea of green chemistry, and widening the market of high-value applications.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, anode graphite, recovery, resource recycling, full life cycle assessment

中图分类号:

X 734.2

燕乔一, 吴锋, 陈人杰, 李丽. 锂离子电池负极石墨回收处理及资源循环[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1760-1771.

YAN Qiaoyi, WU Feng, CHEN Renjie, LI Li. Recovery and resource recycling of graphite anode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1760-1771.

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项目	质量/kg
项目	HEV	PHEV	EV
石墨	4.08	8.35	47.40
锂作为阴极活性材料	0.37	0.76	4.22
电池组	34.00	67.00	316.00

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