二氧化碳储能技术研究现状与发展前景

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0199

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 3285-3296.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0199

二氧化碳储能技术研究现状与发展前景

郝佳豪¹^,²(), 越云凯¹^,³, 张家俊¹, 杨俊玲¹, 李晓琼¹, 宋衍昌¹^,², 张振涛¹^,³()

^1.中国科学院理化技术研究所低温工程学重点实验室，北京 100190
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.北京博睿鼎能动力科技有限公司，北京 100085

收稿日期:2022-04-09 修回日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-10-10
通讯作者: 张振涛 E-mail:haojiahao@mail.ipc.ac.cn;zzt@mail.ipc.ac.cn
作者简介:郝佳豪（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为二氧化碳储能系统优化技术，E-mail：haojiahao@mail.ipc.ac.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51876216);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(ZYYD2022B11)

Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology

Jiahao HAO¹^,²(), Yunkai YUE¹^,³, Jiajun ZHANG¹, Junling YANG¹, Xiaoqiong LI¹, Yanchang SONG¹^,², Zhentao ZHANG¹^,³()

^1.Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Beijing Borui Dingneng Power Technology Co. , Ltd, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2022-04-09 Revised:2022-05-06 Online:2022-10-05 Published:2022-10-10
Contact: Zhentao ZHANG E-mail:haojiahao@mail.ipc.ac.cn;zzt@mail.ipc.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化碳储能(CES)技术是基于压缩空气储能(CAES)和Brayton发电循环的一种新型物理储能技术，具有储能密度大、运行寿命长、系统设备紧凑等优势，具有较好的发展和应用前景。本文介绍了典型二氧化碳储能系统的工作原理和基本特征，指出了系统循环效率(RTE)、储能密度(ESD)的计算方式和评价效果；通过对近期相关国内外文献的讨论，结合二氧化碳储能技术的发展进程，重点梳理了二氧化碳电热储能(TE-CES)、跨临界二氧化碳储能(TC-CES)、超临界二氧化碳储能(SC-CES)、液态二氧化碳储能(LCES)和耦合其他能源系统的二氧化碳储能系统的研究进展，指出了不同系统的优势、不足及适应性应用场景；总结了二氧化碳储能的研究方向、关键技术和主要挑战，最后分析了二氧化碳储能技术在技术研发和面向多场景应用两个层面上的发展前景。综合分析表明，目前二氧化碳储能技术相关研究方兴未艾，且较多为理论研究，还需要进一步朝着系统优化设计、实验验证和产业化应用方向发展，二氧化碳储能技术有望在未来电力储能市场中获得较大发展空间。

关键词: 大规模长时储能, 二氧化碳储能, 关键技术, 发展前景

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide energy storage (CES) technology is a new physical technology that is based on compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the Brayton power-generation cycle. It has high energy-storage density, long operation life, and compact-system equipment. In addition, it has good development and application prospects. This paper introduces the working principle and basic characteristics of a carbon dioxide energy-storage system and identifies the calculation method and evaluation effect of system round-trip efficiency (RTE) and energy storage density (ESD). The research status of thermoelectrical carbon dioxide energy storage (TE-CES), transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage (TC-CES), supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage (SC-CES), liquid carbon dioxide energy storage (LCES), and the carbon dioxide energy-storage system coupled with other energy systems are summarized by discussing recent relevant domestic and development processes of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages, and adaptive application scenarios of different systems are identified. The research direction, key technologies, and main challenges of carbon dioxide energy storage are summarized. Finally, it identifies the development prospects of carbon dioxide energy storage in technology research and multiscenario application. Presently, a comprehensive analysis shows that the research on carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is mostly theoretical. We need to focus on system optimization design, experimental verification, and industrialized application. Carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is expected to obtain greater development space in the future power energy-storage market.

Key words: large scale long-term energy storage, carbon dioxide energy storage, key technologies, development prospect

中图分类号:

TK 02

郝佳豪, 越云凯, 张家俊, 杨俊玲, 李晓琼, 宋衍昌, 张振涛. 二氧化碳储能技术研究现状与发展前景[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3285-3296.

Jiahao HAO, Yunkai YUE, Jiajun ZHANG, Junling YANG, Xiaoqiong LI, Yanchang SONG, Zhentao ZHANG. Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3285-3296.

图/表 14

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表3

参考文献 37

1	卢纯. 开启我国能源体系重大变革和清洁可再生能源创新发展新时代——深刻理解碳达峰、碳中和目标的重大历史意义[J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2021(14): 28-41.
	LU C. Opening a new era of major changes in China's energy system and innovative development of clean and renewable energy—Deeply understanding the great historical significance of the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization[J]. Frontiers, 2021(14): 28-41.
2	国家发改委能源研究所. 中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨途径研究[R]. 北京: 国家发改委, 2015.
	Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission. Research on development scenarios and approaches of high proportion renewable energy in China in 2050 [R]. Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission, 2015.
3	国家能源局. 2022年全国能源工作会议在京召开 [EB/OL].(2021-12-24)[2022-01-15]. http://www.nea.gov.cn/2021-12/24/c_1310391378.htm.
	National Energy Administration. 2022 national energy work conference held in Beijing [EB/OL]. (2021-12-24)[2022-01-15]. http://www.nea.gov.cn/2021-12/24/c_1310391378.htm.
4	国家发改委能源研究所. 2020年中国可再生能源展望报告[R].北京: 国家发改委, 2021.
	Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission. 2020 China renewable energy outlook report [R]. Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission, 2021.
5	CHEN S, ZHU T, GAN Z X, et al. Optimization of operation strategies for a combined cooling, heating and power system based on adiabatic compressed air energy storage[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2020, 29(5): 1135-1148.
6	严晓辉, 徐玉杰, 纪律, 等. 我国大规模储能技术发展预测及分析[J]. 中国电力, 2013, 46(8): 22-29.
	YAN X H, XU Y J, JI L, et al. Forecasting and analysis on large-scale energy storage technologies in China[J]. Electric Power, 2013, 46(8): 22-29.
7	HUNT J D, ZAKERI B, LOPES R, et al. Existing and new arrangements of pumped-hydro storage plants[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 129: doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109914.
8	纪律, 陈海生, 张新敬, 等. 压缩空气储能技术研发现状及应用前景[J]. 高科技与产业化, 2018(4): 52-58.
	JI L, CHEN H S, ZHANG X J, et al. Research and development status and application prospect of compressed air energy storage technology[J]. High-Technology ＆ Industrialization, 2018(4): 52-58.
9	BUDT M, WOLF D, SPAN R, et al. A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 170: 250-268.
10	CHEN Y M, LI Z. Analysis on the development trend and features of smart energy sources[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2020, 40(10): 852-858, 864.
11	SZABLOWSKI L, KRAWCZYK P, BADYDA K, et al. Energy and exergy analysis of adiabatic compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy, 2017, 138: 12-18.
12	ANTONELLI M, DESIDERI U, GIGLIOLI R, et al. Liquid air energy storage: A potential low emissions and efficient storage system[J]. Energy Procedia, 2016, 88: 693-697.
13	CHAE Y J, LEE J I. Thermodynamic analysis of compressed and liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system integrated with steam cycle for flexible operation of thermal power plant[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 256: doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115374.
14	KANTHARAJ B, GARVEY S, PIMM A. Thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on compressed air and liquid air[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2015, 11: 159-164.
15	MORANDIN M, MARÉCHAL F, MERCANGÖZ M, et al. Conceptual design of a thermo-electrical energy storage system based on heat integration of thermodynamic cycles-Part B: Alternative system configurations[J]. Energy, 2012, 45(1): 386-396.
16	MERCANGÖZ M, HEMRLE J, KAUFMANN L, et al. Electrothermal energy storage with transcritical CO₂ cycles[J]. Energy, 2012, 45(1): 407-415.
17	KIM Y M, SHIN D G, LEE S Y, et al. Isothermal transcritical CO₂ cycles with TES (thermal energy storage) for electricity storage[J]. Energy, 2013, 49: 484-501.
18	LA FAUCI R, KAFFE E, KIENZLE F, et al. Feasibility study of an electrothermal energy storage in the city of zurich[C]//22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Stockholm, Sweden. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013: 1-5.
19	杨科, 张远, 李雪梅, 等. 一种以二氧化碳为工质的压缩气体储能系统:中国,CN203420754U[P]. 2014.
	YANG K, ZHANG Y, LI X M, et al. A compressed gas energy storage system with carbon dioxide as working medium: China, CN203420754U[P]. 2014.
20	ZHANG X R, WANG G B. Thermodynamic analysis of a novel energy storage system based on compressed CO₂ fluid[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2017, 41(10): 1487-1503.
21	GUO H, XU Y J, CHEN H S, et al. Thermodynamic characteristics of a novel supercritical compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 115: 167-177.
22	ZHAO P, DAI Y P, WANG J F. Performance assessment and optimization of a combined heat and power system based on compressed air energy storage system and humid air turbine cycle[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 103: 562-572.
23	刘辉. 超临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统热力学特性与热经济性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京), 2017.
	LIU H. Research on thermodynamic and thermoeconomic properties of super-critical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2017.
24	何青, 郝银萍, 刘文毅. 一种新型跨临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统热力分析与改进[J]. 华北电力大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 47(5): 93-101.
	HE Q, HAO Y P, LIU W Y. Thermodynamic analysis and improvement of novel trans-critical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 47(5): 93-101.
25	郝银萍. 跨临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统热力学特性及技术经济性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京), 2021.
	HAO Y P. Research on thermodynamic and techno-economic properties of trans-critical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021.
26	刘青山, 葛俊, 黄葆华, 等. 储能压力对液态压缩空气储能系统特性的影响[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2019, 53(11): 1-9.
	LIU Q S, GE J, HUANG B H, et al. Influence of energy storage pressure on the characteristics of liquid air energy storage system[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2019, 53(11): 1-9.
27	LIU S C, WU S C, HU Y K, et al. Comparative analysis of air and CO₂ as working fluids for compressed and liquefied gas energy storage technologies[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 181: 608-620.
28	PENG H, ZHANG D, LING X, et al. n-alkanes phase change materials and their microencapsulation for thermal energy storage: A critical review[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(7): 7262-7293.
29	安保林, 陈嘉祥, 王俊杰, 等. 液态空气储能系统液化率影响因素研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2019(11): 2478-2482.
	AN B L, CHEN J X, WANG J J, et al. Study on the influencing factors on liquid air energy storage system liquefaction rate[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2019(11): 2478-2482.
30	何子睿, 齐伟, 宋锦涛, 等. 耦合液化天然气的液化空气储能系统热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1589-1596.
	HE Z R, QI W, SONG J T, et al. The thermodynamic analysis of a liquefied air energy storage system coupled with liquefied natural gas[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1589-1596.
31	WANG M K, ZHAO P, WU Y, et al. Performance analysis of a novel energy storage system based on liquid carbon dioxide[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 91: 812-823.
32	吴毅, 胡东帅, 王明坤, 等. 一种新型的跨临界CO₂储能系统[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(3): 45-49, 100.
	WU Y, HU D S, WANG M K, et al. A novel transcritical CO₂ energy storage system[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(3): 45-49, 100.
33	XU M J, WANG X, WANG Z H, et al. Preliminary design and performance assessment of compressed supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 183: do: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116153.
34	CAO Z, DENG J Q, ZHOU S H, et al. Research on the feasibility of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with underground sequestration in antiquated mine goaf[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 211: doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112788.
35	天工. 《中国天然气发展报告(2021)》发布[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 68.
	TIAN G. China natural gas development report (2021) released[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(8): 68.
36	LEE I, PARK J, MOON I. Key issues and challenges on the liquefied natural gas value chain: A review from the process systems engineering point of view[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018, 57(17): 5805-5818.
37	ZHAO P, XU W P, ZHANG S Q, et al. Components design and performance analysis of a novel compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system: A pathway towards realizability[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 229: doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113679.

储能工质名称	压力/MPa	温度/℃	密度/(kg/m³)	状态
空气	1	30	11.52	气态
	1	-196	887.49	液态
	10	30	283.74	超临界态
	20	30	269.81	超临界态
CO₂	1	30	18.35	气态
	1	-40	1 117.20	液态
	10	40	628.61	超临界态
	20	40	839.81	超临界态

性能	水	砂砾岩石	导热油	相变材料 (以石蜡为例)
比热容 /[kJ/(kg·K)]	4.181	0.83	1.67	2.12
比潜热 /[kJ/(kg·K)]	—	—	—	253.0
密度/(kg/m³)	1 000	1 680	900	780
单价/(USD/kg)	0.000 5	0.03	1	2

研究方向	关键技术	主要挑战
理论设计及优化	热力学循环构建理论、协同优化设计	系统设计及优化方法、实验验证
CO₂临界转换特性	S-CO₂临界转换物性及高效换热机理	近临界点高精度物性测量、传热预测模型和数据分析
系统动态控制策略	负荷需求侧动态响应及时性控制策略	发电动态响应、稳态运行、并网整流、安全保护等
高负荷叶轮机械开发	宽工况高负荷离心压缩机和向心透平设计制造	高效动力旋转机械设计、试验和加工
高效蓄换热设备开发	蓄换热子系统传热传质机理和设备开发	高传热紧凑型换热器和蓄热、蓄冷器开发
高性能材料	高性能、长寿命、耐压材料应用与加工	压力容器、阀门、管道等耐压材料开发

[1]	陶飞跃, 王焕然, 李瑞雄, 赵静, 葛刚强, 贺新, 陈昊. 利用环境再冷的二氧化碳储能热电联产系统及其热力学分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1492-1501.
[2]	李乐璇, 徐玉杰, 尹钊, 郭欢, 张显荣, 陈海生, 周学志. 超临界二氧化碳储能系统㶲损特性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1824-1834.
[3]	杨续来，陈厚梅，高二平. “高比能量动力锂离子电池的研发与集成应用”项目介绍[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(5): 1145-1147.
[4]	夏定国. “高比能动力电池的关键技术和相关基础科学问题研究”项目介绍[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(1): 165-168.
[5]	杨晓伟, 张瑞, 谢秋, 郝书奎, 李炜, 高万兵, 臧思佳, 喻晓. 锂电池一体化箱式移动电源系统的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(5): 550-554.
[6]	叶卫国. 试论家庭分布式储能的发展前景[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(4): 410-415.
[7]	杨霖霖, 廖文俊, 苏青, 王子健. 全钒液流电池技术发展现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2013, 2(2): 140-145.

二氧化碳储能技术研究现状与发展前景

Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 37

相关文章 7

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价