锂离子电池组过充燃烧爆炸特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0276

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (8): 2471-2479.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0276

锂离子电池组过充燃烧爆炸特性

卓萍¹(), 朱艳丽², 齐创³, 王聪杰², 高飞⁴

^1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381
^2.北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081
^3.中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司，天津 300300
^4.中国电力科学研究院，新能源与储能运行控制国家重点实验室，北京 100192

收稿日期:2022-05-24 修回日期:2022-06-13 出版日期:2022-08-05 发布日期:2022-08-03
通讯作者: 卓萍 E-mail:zhuoping@tfri.com.cn
作者简介:卓萍（1979—），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向为建筑防火及新能源、石油化工、交通等领域消防安全，E-mail：zhuoping@tfri.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2402004)

Combustion and explosion characteristics of lithium-ion battery pack under overcharge

ping ZHUO¹(), Yanli ZHU², Chuang QI³, Congjie WANG², Fei GAO⁴

^1.Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beiijng Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
^3.China Automotive Technology Research Center Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin 300300, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy ＆ Storage Systems, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China

Received:2022-05-24 Revised:2022-06-13 Online:2022-08-05 Published:2022-08-03
Contact: ping ZHUO E-mail:zhuoping@tfri.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究锂离子电池组的燃烧爆炸特性，本工作以铝壳方型锰酸锂电池及其电池组作为研究对象，采用2 C电流恒流过充且设置较高截止电压，考察其热失控后燃烧爆炸特性。实验结果表明，锂离子电池单体过充774 s后瞬时发生安全阀破裂、射流火和爆炸，距离爆心45 cm处爆炸最大压强达到556 kPa。由13个单体电池串联构成的电池组在不带BMS的情况下过充后依次发生安全阀破裂、射流火，局部发生爆炸，实验时形成多个压力峰值，距离爆心45 cm处最大爆炸压强为915 kPa。当锂离子电池组以6.5 cm间距布置时，过充其中一个电池组可引发其他电池组发生燃烧，形成火灾蔓延。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 过充, 热失控, 燃烧, 爆炸

Abstract:

The research object was a square aluminum shell lithium manganate cell and a lithium manganate battery pack to study the combustion and explosion characteristics of a lithium-ion battery pack. 2 C current constant flow charging and setting a high cut-off voltage was used to analyze its combustion and explosion characteristics. The experimental results revealed that the safety valve rupture, jet fire, and an explosion occurred instantly after the lithium-ion battery was overcharged for 774 s, with the maximum explosion pressure reaching 556 kPa at 45 cm from the explosion center. In the event of overcharging without a BMS, the battery pack, which was composed of 13 cells in series, experienced safety valve rupture, discharged fire, and local explosion. During the experiment, multiple pressure peaks are formed, and the maximum explosion pressure at 45 cm from the explosion center was 915 kPa. When lithium-ion battery packs were placed at a distance of 6.5 cm apart, overcharging one of the battery packs without a BMS can cause combustion of the other battery packs, resulting in a fire spread.

Key words: Li-ion battery, overcharge, thermal runaway, combustion, explosion

中图分类号:

TM 912

卓萍, 朱艳丽, 齐创, 王聪杰, 高飞. 锂离子电池组过充燃烧爆炸特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(8): 2471-2479.

ping ZHUO, Yanli ZHU, Chuang QI, Congjie WANG, Fei GAO. Combustion and explosion characteristics of lithium-ion battery pack under overcharge[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2471-2479.

图/表 11

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锂离子电池组过充燃烧爆炸特性

Combustion and explosion characteristics of lithium-ion battery pack under overcharge

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