相变储冷技术及其在空调系统中的应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0498

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能是实现“双碳”目标的关键支撑技术之一。相变储能因能实现能量的存储及释放、有效提高能源利用效率，是目前解决能源供需不平衡问题的重要途径。随着人们对冷能需求的增长，相变储冷技术受到了研究者的广泛关注，但与传统相变储热技术相比，相变储冷技术这一领域的综述文章还较少。本文梳理了相变储冷技术的基本工作原理和特点，介绍了应用于储冷空调系统相变材料的不同种类、性质及其优缺点，阐述了相变储冷关键技术，包括物性提升关键技术、传热强化关键技术、封装定型关键技术，分析了储冷空调中的不同储冷器件结构(板式、球式、螺旋管式、壳管式)和应用技术。进而总结了相变储冷技术在常规储冷空调系统及冷链运输储冷空调系统中的应用。本文对储冷技术目前的发展现状及前景分别做出了较全面的总结和分析，指出了相变材料性能的改善、储冷器件的传热强化、空调系统的COP和节能率的提升、保持系统的长期稳定运行是今后对储冷空调系统的研究重点。

关键词: 储冷技术, 相变材料, 储冷器件, 空调系统

Abstract:

Energy storage is one of the critical supporting technologies to achieve the “dual carbon" goal. As a result of its ability to store and release energy and significantly increase energy utilization efficiency, phase-change energy storage is an essential tool for addressing the imbalance between energy supply and demand. As the demand for cold energy grows, phase-change cold storage technology is receiving a lot of attention from researchers. However, compared with the traditional phase-change thermal-storage technology, there are fewer review articles in this field. This study sorts out the basic working principle and characteristics of phase-change cold storage technology. It introduces different types and properties of phase-change materials applied to cold storage air conditioning systems and their advantages and disadvantages. The study also describes key technologies of phase-change cold storage, including critical technologies of physical property enhancement, heat transfer enhancement, and critical technologies of packaging and sizing. Furthermore, it analyzes different structures of cold storage devices (plate, sphere, spiral tube, shell, and tube) and applications in cold storage air conditioning technology. The applications of this technology in conventional cold storage air conditioning and cold chain transportation cold storage air conditioning systems are also summarized. Finally, this study summarizes and analyzes the current development status and prospects of cold storage technology. It highlights that the improvement of phase-change material performance, heat transfer enhancement of cold storage devices, improvement of COP, energy saving rate of an air conditioning system, and maintenance of long-term stable operation of the system are the focus of future research on cold storage air conditioning systems.

Key words: cold storage technology, phase-change materials, cold storage devices, air conditioning systems

中图分类号:

TK 02

李沐, 李亚溪, 李传常. 相变储冷技术及其在空调系统中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 180-197.

Mu LI, Yaxi LI, Chuanchang LI. Phase-change cold storage technology and its application in air conditioning systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 180-197.

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