十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0518

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

十二水硫酸铝钾[KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O]具有相变潜热高、价格低廉和安全无毒等优点，是一种来源丰富的中低温无机水合盐相变蓄热材料，可以广泛应用在谷电蓄热、建筑供暖、产品节能、太阳能热利用以及电池热管理等领域。过冷度大与导热系数低等诸多水合盐的共性问题，严重影响了其蓄放热性能。十二水硫酸铝钾的相变温度偏高，将其制备成共晶或非共晶复合相变材料可以降低相变温度，由此扩大应用范围。本文通过对近年来十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料相关文献的梳理，综述了减小过冷度、提高导热系数以及复合调温的策略，着重阐述了成核剂、导热增强剂以及调温剂对十二水硫酸铝钾热物性能的影响，并介绍了十二水硫酸铝钾及其复合相变材料的主要应用研究情况。最后，对未来相关工作的研究方向进行了展望，包括新型添加剂及其对基材作用机理的探索、大量的熔化-凝固循环后结晶水损失的抑制和热可靠性的保障，以及相关应用领域的进一步拓展，为促进十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料的发展和实际应用提供借鉴。

关键词: 相变材料, 十二水硫酸铝钾, 蓄热, 过冷, 导热系数

Abstract:

Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate [KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O] has the advantages of high latent heat, low cost, safety, and nontoxicity. It is a medium-and low-temperature inorganic hydrated salt phase-change material with abundant sources. It can be widely used in valley electricity heat storage, building heating, product energy saving, solar thermal utilization, and battery thermal management. However, widespread issues with many hydrated salts, such as strong subcooling and limited thermal conductivity, severely hampered the effectiveness of heat storage and release. The phase-change temperature of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O is a little high, and the preparation of it into eutectic or noneutectic composite PCM can lower the phase-change temperature, thereby increasing the application range. In this paper, the methods of decreasing supercooling, enhancing thermal conductivity, and compound temperature regulation are reviewed by combing through the contemporary literature on KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O PCM in recent years. The effects of nucleating agents, thermal conductivity enhancers, and temperature adjusting agents on the thermal characteristics of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O are emphatically expounded, and the primary applied research of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O and its composite PCMs are introduced. Finally, the future research directions of related work prospects, such as the investigation of new additives and their mechanism of action on substrates, the suppression of the loss of crystal water and the assurance of thermal reliability after a large number of melting-solidification cycles, and the further expansion of related application fields, can serve as a guide for promoting the advancements and practical applications of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O PCM.

Key words: PCM, aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, thermal energy storage, supercooling, thermal conductivity

中图分类号:

TK 02

毛发, 章学来, 华维三. 十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 120-130.

Fa MAO, Xuelai ZHANG, Weisan HUA. Research progress of aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate phase-change material for thermal energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 120-130.

图/表 7

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

表4

图3

参考文献 60

1	QIAO X, KONG X F, LI H, et al. Performance and optimization of a novel active solar heating wall coupled with phase change material[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 250: doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119470.
2	PABLO-ROMERO M D P, POZO-BARAJAS R, YÑIGUEZ R. Global changes in residential energy consumption[J]. Energy Policy, 2017, 101: 342-352.
3	WEI K, WANG Y C, MA B. Effects of microencapsulated phase change materials on the performance of asphalt binders[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 132: 931-940.
4	PALOMBA V, FRAZZICA A. Comparative analysis of thermal energy storage technologies through the definition of suitable key performance indicators[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2019, 185: 88-102.
5	VIZITIU R Ș, ISOPESCU D N, BURLACU A, et al. Energy efficient phase change materials used for an originally designed heat recovery system[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2019, 32: 496-503.
6	FENG P H, ZHAO B C, WANG R Z. Thermophysical heat storage for cooling, heating, and power generation: A review[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 166: doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2019.114728.
7	PALOMBA V, FRAZZICA A. Recent advancements in sorption technology for solar thermal energy storage applications[J]. Solar Energy, 2019, 192: 69-105.
8	ELIAS C N, STATHOPOULOS V N. A comprehensive review of recent advances in materials aspects of phase change materials in thermal energy storage[J]. Energy Procedia, 2019, 161: 385-394.
9	LIU C Z, HU P B, XU Z, et al. Experimental investigation on thermal properties of sodium acetate trihydrate based phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2019, 674: 28-35.
10	WANG Y, YU K X, PENG H, et al. Preparation and thermal properties of sodium acetate trihydrate as a novel phase change material for energy storage[J]. Energy, 2019, 167: 269-274.
11	金光, 肖安汝, 刘梦云. 相变储能强化传热技术的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(6): 1107-1115.
	JIN G, XIAO A R, LIU M Y. Research progress on heat transfer enhancement technology of phase change energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1107-1115.
12	KHANNA S, NEWAR S, SHARMA V, et al. Electrical enhancement period of solar photovoltaic using phase change material[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 221: 878-884.
13	POMIANOWSKI M, HEISELBERG P, ZHANG Y P. Review of thermal energy storage technologies based on PCM application in buildings[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2013, 67: 56-69.
14	KUMAR N, HIRSCHEY J, LACLAIR T J, et al. Review of stability and thermal conductivity enhancements for salt hydrates[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2019, 24: doi: 10.1016/j.est.2019.100794.
15	房满庭, 章学来, 纪珺, 等. 水合盐复合相变材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(4): 709-717.
	FANG M T, ZHANG X L, JI J, et al. Progress in hydrated salt based composite phase change materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(4): 709-717.
16	张天一, 潘玙璠, 徐一寒, 等. 明矾的宏观晶体形状[J]. 大学化学, 2020, 35(1): 118-124.
	ZHANG T Y, PAN Y F, XU Y H, et al. Macroscopic morphology of alum(K) crystal[J]. University Chemistry, 2020, 35(1): 118-124.
17	宋婧, 曾令可, 税安泽, 等. 钾明矾蓄热性能的研究与改善[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2007, 36(2): 358-362.
	SONG J, ZENG L K, SHUI A Z, et al. Study on heat storage property and improvement of aluminum potassium sulfate[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2007, 36(2): 358-362.
18	ZHANG S L, CHEN F F, PAN W Q, et al. Development of heat transfer enhancement of a novel composite phase change material with adjustable phase change temperature[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2020, 210: doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110457.
19	MAO F, ZHANG X L, ZHANG Y, et al. Effects of thickeners on thermophysical properties of Alum as phase change material for energy storage[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2022, 139(1): doi: 10.1002/app.51422.
20	刘媛. 碳纤维骨架复合相变材料的蓄热特性研究[D]. 上海: 上海工程技术大学, 2020.
	LIU Y. Study on heat storage characteristics of carbon fiber skeleton composite phase change materials[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 2020.
21	SUN W C, ZHOU Y, FENG J X, et al. Compounding MgCl₂ ·6H₂O with NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O or KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O to obtain binary hydrated salts as high-performance phase change materials[J]. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019, 24(2): doi: 10.3390/molecules 24020363.
22	林玉琼, 林伊, 颜源凤, 等. 水合无机盐储能相变材料的研究进展[J]. 韩山师范学院学报, 2018, 39(3): 59-66.
	LIN Y Q, LIN Y, YAN Y F, et al. Research progress of hydrated inorganic salt storage phase change materials[J]. Journal of Hanshan Normal University, 2018, 39(3): 59-66.
23	田禾青. 水合盐低共熔相变储热材料的制备与研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2013.
	TIAN H Q. Preparation and research of salt hydrates eutectic phase change materials[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2013.
24	肖力光, 尚晓月. 水合盐相变储能材料的研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(2): 47-50.
	XIAO L G, SHANG X Y. Research progress on inorganic hydrated salt phase change energy storage material[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(2): 47-50.
25	何宇. 三水醋酸钠过冷度及传热性能的同步优化研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2018.
	HE Y. Study on simultaneous optimization of super-cooling and heat transfer performance of sodium acetate trihydrate[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2018.
26	王鑫, 方建华, 刘坪, 等. 相变材料的研究进展[J]. 功能材料, 2019, 50(2): 2070-2075.
	WANG X, FANG J H, LIU P, et al. Research progress of phase change materials[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2019, 50(2): 2070-2075.
27	周鑫晨, 章学来, 华维三, 等. 增稠剂对NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O蓄放热性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4520-4533.
	ZHOU X C, ZHANG X L, HUA W S, et al. Influence of thickeners on the heat storage and release performance of NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4520-4533.
28	SAFARI A, SAIDUR R, SULAIMAN F A, et al. A review on supercooling of Phase Change Materials in thermal energy storage systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70: 905-919.
29	汪翔, 章学来, 袁维烨, 等. 基于跨季节储热的相变材料的制备及研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2019, 47(10): 74-78.
	WANG X, ZHANG X L, YUAN W Y, et al. Preparation and experimental study of phase change material based on seasonal heat storage[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2019, 47(10): 74-78.
30	朱茂川, 周国兵, 杨霏, 等. 过冷水合盐相变材料跨季节储存太阳能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(6): 2256-2268.
	ZHU M C, ZHOU G B, YANG F, et al. Progress of seasonal solar energy storage using supercooled salt hydrate phase change materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(6): 2256-2268.
31	曾最, 罗凯, 叶伟梁, 等. 十二水磷酸氢二钠相变储能材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 827-836.
	ZENG Z, LUO K, YE W L, et al. Research progress of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate phase change material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 827-836.
32	朱思贤, 邹得球, 鲍家明, 等. 相变材料的过冷特性及调控研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(19): 19075-19082.
	ZHU S X, ZOU D Q, BAO J M, et al. Supercooling characteristics and its adjustment of phase change material: A review[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(19): 19075-19082.
33	喻彩梅, 章学来, 华维三. 十水硫酸钠相变储能材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(3): 1016-1024.
	YU C M, ZHANG X L, HUA W S. Research progress of sodium sulfate decahydrate phase changematerial[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1016-1024.
34	钟世民. 应用于暖通空调系统的低温相变储能材料的研制[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.
	ZHONG S M. Preparation of low temperature phase change materials used in HVAC[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010.
35	任雪潭, 刘艳春, 曾令可. 成核剂对钾明矾储能物性的影响[J]. 山东陶瓷, 2012, 35(6): 7-9.
36	DAI J F, LING R Q, WANG K Z. Thermal performance and dehydration kinetics of KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O as phase change material[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 418/419/420: 282-285.
37	张正飞, 秦紫依, 李勇, 等. 相变材料的过冷现象及其抑制方法的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(21): 3613-3619.
	ZHANG Z F, QIN Z Y, LI Y, et al. Progress in supercooling and suppression methods of phase change materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(21): 3613-3619.
38	顾玥. 基于水合盐复合材料的太阳能相变储能供暖技术[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2021.
	GU Y. Solar phase change energy storage heating technology based on hydrated salt composite materials[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2021.
39	令闰强. 太阳能跨季节储热单元及相变材料KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O的研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2012.
	LING R Q. Investigation on the solar cross season heat storage unit and phase change mateiral aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2012.
40	李珺鹏. 功能型聚合物基导热/导电复合材料的制备与应用[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2016.
	LI J P. Synthesis and application of functional polymer-based composites with thermal and electrical conductivity[D]. Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2016.
41	宋婧, 曾令可, 陈丙璇, 等. 钾明矾热传导性能的研究与改善[J]. 功能材料, 2007, 38(8): 1307-1308, 1312.
	SONG J, ZENG L K, CHEN B X, et al. Study on thermal conduction properties improvement of aluminum potassium sulfate[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2007, 38(8): 1307-1308, 1312.
42	王浩, 何丽红, 杨帆, 等. 聚乙二醇/石墨烯纳米片复合相变材料的制备及其性能研究[J]. 应用化工, 2018, 47(6): 1119-1122, 1126.
	WANG H, HE L H, YANG F, et al. Preparation and properties of polyethylene glycol/graphene nanoplates composite phase change materials[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(6): 1119-1122, 1126.
43	王成君, 段志英, 苏琼, 等. 以多级孔碳为支撑基体的复合相变材料在光热转换与存储方面的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(23): 23074-23080.
	WANG C J, DUAN Z Y, SU Q, et al. Research progress in photo-thermal conversion and storage of multistage porous carbon supported composite phase change materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(23): 23074-23080.
44	SUN M J, LIU L Q, MA F K, et al. Investigating the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the thermal conductivity of KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O[J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(4): doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/aabdd6.
45	胡定华, 许肖永, 林肯, 等. 石蜡/膨胀石墨/石墨片复合相变材料导热性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2021, 42(9): 2414-2418.
	HU D H, XU X Y, LIN K, et al. Study on heat conductivity of paraffin/expanded graphite/graphite sheet composite material[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2021, 42(9): 2414-2418.
46	杜文清, 费华, 顾庆军, 等. 膨胀石墨基定形复合相变材料的特性及其应用研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2021, 49(11): 31-35, 40.
	DU W Q, FEI H, GU Q J, et al. Research progress on property and application of expansion graphite based fixed-shape composite phase change material[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2021, 49(11): 31-35, 40.
47	ZHANG S L, WU W, WANG S F. Experimental investigations of Alum/expanded graphite composite phase change material for thermal energy storage and its compatibility with metals[J]. Energy, 2018, 161: 508-516.
48	WU S F, YAN T, KUAI Z H, et al. Experimental and numerical study of modified expanded graphite/hydrated salt phase change material for solar energy storage[J]. Solar Energy, 2020, 205: 474-486.
49	JAGJIWANRAM, SINGH R. Effective thermal conductivity of highly porous two-phase systems[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004, 24(17/18): 2727-2735.
50	王智平, 田禾青, 王克振, 等. 钾明矾基低共熔相变储热材料的制备与研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2013, 42(3): 491-496.
	WANG Z P, TIAN H Q, WANG K Z, et al. Preparation and study on the matrix of aluminum potassium sulfate eutectic phase change heat storage materials[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2013, 42(3): 491-496.
51	史嘉乐. 相变蓄热复合材料MgSO₄ ·7H₂O/KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O性能及其在太阳能干燥中的应用[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2018.
	SHI J L. The performance of MgSO₄ ·7H₂O/KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O phase change heat storage composite material and its application in solar drying[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2018.
52	杨棁. 硫酸镁—硫酸铝钾复合相变蓄热材料的制备及其性能研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2018.
	YANG Z. Preparation and performance of magnesium sulfate-potassium sulfate composite phase change heat storage material[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2018.
53	温辉, 林玉琼, 郭慈绵, 等. KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O-MgSO₄ ·7H₂O复合相变体系储能特性的探究[J]. 当代化工, 2019, 48(10): 2190-2193.
	WEN H, LIN Y Q, GUO C M, et al. Study on energy storage characteristics of KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O-MgSO₄ ·7H₂O composite phase change system[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2019, 48(10): 2190-2193.
54	林伊, 林玉琼, 温辉, 等. KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O复合体系的相变特性[J]. 当代化工研究, 2019(4): 182-184.
	LIN Y, LIN Y Q, WEN H, et al. Phase change characteristics of KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O composite system[J]. Modern Chemical Research, 2019(4): 182-184.
55	罗建文. MgSO₄-Na₂SO₄、KAl(SO₄)₂-Na₂SO₄水合盐相变储热材料优化及在太阳能蓄热器中的应用[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2017.
	LUO J W. The optimization of MgSO₄-Na₂SO₄, KAl(SO₄)₂-Na₂SO₄ salt hydrate phase change heat storage material and its application in solar thermal storage[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2017.
56	LIU Y, LIU W J, ZHANG S H, et al. Preparation and characterization of new nano-particle mixed as thermal storage material[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 163: doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114386.
57	CHEN W C, LIANG X H, HAN W H, et al. 3D shape-stable temperature-regulated macro-encapsulated phase change material: KAl(SO₄)₂ ·12H₂O-C₂H₂O₄ ·2H₂O-CO(NH₂)₂ eutectic/polyurethane foam as core and carbon modified silicone resin as shell[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 100: 27-35.
58	宋婧, 曾令可, 税安泽, 等. 复合蓄热材料的研制与应用[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2007, 26(1): 173-176, 198.
	SONG J, ZENG L K, SHUI A Z, et al. Preparation and application of composite heat storage material[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2007, 26(1): 173-176, 198.
59	MALIK M S, IFTIKHAR N, WADOOD A, et al. Design and fabrication of solar thermal energy storage system using potash alum as a PCM[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(23): doi: 10.3390/en1323 6169.
60	史嘉乐, 杨棁, 陈静, 等. 相变蓄热材料对太阳能干燥系统热能的调配作用[J]. 应用能源技术, 2018(2): 45-49.
	SHI J L, YANG Z, CHEN J, et al. Thermal adjustment of phase change material for solar drying system[J]. Applied Energy Technology, 2018(2): 45-49.

熔点/℃	相变潜热/(J/g)	过冷度/℃	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	参考文献
91	232.4	19.8	0.55	[17]
91.11	250.8	—	—	[18]
90.8	250.2	16.4	0.567	[19]
92.5	241	—	0.55	[20]
90.85	261.3	15.02	—	[21]

成核剂	含量/%	过冷度/℃	参考文献
NiSO₄·6H₂O	7	3	[17]
MgCl₂·6H₂O	2	0	[17]
MgCl₂·6H₂O	1	3	[34]
MgNO₃·6H₂O	3	接近0	[35]
Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O	0.6	0.794	[36]
CaF₂	1.5	1.596	[36]
Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O	2	1.673	[36]
纳米Al₂O₃	3	1.301	[36]

导热剂	含量	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	备注	参考文献
石墨	5%	—	相变时间缩短38.8%	[41]
改性石墨	5%	—	相变时间缩短72.8%	[41]
石墨烯纳米片	2.5%	1.311	导热系数提高120% 蓄热时间减少31.9%	[44]
膨胀石墨	10%	5.875	导热系数提高11.82倍	[47]
改性膨胀石墨	20%	6.157	导热系数理论预测与实验值误差为6.45%	[48]

复合调温体系	相变温度/℃	过冷度/℃	相变潜热/(J/g)	参考文献
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O (5∶5)	凝固点41.19	1.15	—	[50]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O (5∶5)	熔点47.8 凝固点43.7	4.1	229.6	[51]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O (6∶4) +3% MgCl₂·6H₂O	凝固点51	1.2	—	[52]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O (6∶4) +1% Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O	凝固点56	0	—	[53]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+MgSO₄·7H₂O (6∶4)+石墨	熔点78 凝固点53	—	—	[54]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+NaSO₄·10H₂O (8∶2)	凝固点50.01	1.2	—	[23]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+NaSO₄·10H₂O (9∶1)	凝固点64	0.5	198.6	[55]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+NaSO₄·10H₂O (8.5∶1.5)	凝固点52	0.2	219.8	[55]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+NaSO₄·10H₂O (6.5∶3.5)	熔点67.03 凝固点47	2.9	135.7	[56]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+NaSO₄·10H₂O (6.5∶3.5)+1%纳米碳粉	熔点65.68 凝固点47	1.8	132.2	[56]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O (19∶1)	熔点74 凝固点65	0	—	[54]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+ MgCl₂·6H₂O (7∶3)	熔点60.15	0	198.1	[21]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+8%Ala +0.6%Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O+10%膨胀石墨	熔点75.50	1.866	123.5	[18]
KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O+C₂H₂O₄·2H₂O (75∶25) +10%尿素	熔点42.17	0.504	194.6	[57]

[1]	胡自锋, 徐耀祖, 段振云, 商向东, 徐景久. 新型蓄热体结构蓄热过程分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 165-171.
[2]	毛前军, 朱元媛. 新型分叉翅片强化管壳式储能罐储热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 69-78.
[3]	李沐, 李亚溪, 李传常. 相变储冷技术及其在空调系统中的应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 180-197.
[4]	王君雷, 张第玲, 王昆, 许东东, 徐祥贵, 姚华, 刘文巍, 黄云. 碳酸盐/高炉矿渣定型复合相变储热材料的制备与性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(9): 3028-3034.
[5]	杜保存, 黄丽娟, 雷勇刚, 宋翀芳, 王飞. 填充床熔盐蓄热器的动态温度与应力特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2141-2150.
[6]	叶文兰, 赵明, 胡明禹, 田扬. 管束式相变蓄热器的蓄放热性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2151-2160.
[7]	冯锦新, 凌子夜, 方晓明, 张正国. 相变乳液的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1968-1979.
[8]	蒋铖一, 钟尊睿, 吴自德, 彭浩. C₈H₁₈～C₁₁H₂₄ 混合烷烃体系相变材料的热力学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1957-1967.
[9]	周新宇, 栾道成, 胡志华, 凌俊华, 文科林, 刘浪, 阴志铭, 米书恒, 王正云. 含碳二元系相变储热材料储热性能分析选择[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(4): 1175-1183.
[10]	李钰颖, 魏雯珍, 李琦, 吴玉庭. 可用于低中温热能储存的四元硝酸盐/埃洛石/石墨定型复合材料的制备与研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(3): 1044-1051.
[11]	张永学, 王梓熙, 鲁博辉, 杨胜旗, 赵泓宇. 雪花型翅片提高相变储热单元储/放热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 521-530.
[12]	郭云琪, 盛楠, 朱春宇, 饶中浩. 基于模板法制备氧化铝纤维及其石蜡复合相变材料热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 511-520.
[13]	杜昭, 阳康, 舒高, 韦攀, 杨肖虎. 金属泡沫内石蜡固液相变蓄热/放热实验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 531-537.
[14]	薛洁, 张军, 杜昭, 胡汝坤, 杨肖虎. 新型平底型相变蓄热器蓄热性能的数值模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3855-3861.
[15]	毛前军, 陈凯莉. 楔形管壳式蓄热罐的传热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3658-3666.