配电台区电池储能系统优化均衡控制研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0759

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电力系统配电台区作为电能分配的关键单元，其核心部件储能电池组的显著特点是单体数量众多，针对储能电池组内各单体不可避免的一致性差异，提出一种基于K-means聚类的储能电池组自适应群组均衡控制方法。首先，引入一种均衡能量可以在任意单体间或包含任意数量单体的电池模块间转移的均衡拓扑；其次，提出群组均衡思想，通过K-means聚类将需要充、放电的相邻单体聚类成组，实现均衡能量在包含不同个数相邻单体的电池群组间转移；最后，通过仿真实验，验证了所提聚类群组均衡控制相比于基于极差的单体对单体均衡控制，初始SOC分布“中间高，两边低”“两边高，中间低”以及“均衡分布”的情况下，在保证均衡效率的同时，均衡速度分别提高了34.8%、19.8%和17.6%。仿真结果表明，基于K-means聚类的储能电池组群组均衡控制相比于单体对单体的均衡控制，可以显著提高均衡速度。本研究提出了大数量单体构成的储能电池组的群组均衡思路，有助于提高储能电池组的均衡速度，进而提高其能量利用率、循环寿命及安全性，促进储能电池组的应用。

关键词: K-means, 一致性差异, 储能电池组, 群组均衡, 均衡速度

Abstract:

The power system distribution station area is the critical unit of electric energy distribution. Its core component, the energy storage battery pack, comprises many cells. Given the inevitable consistency difference of each cell in the energy storage battery pack, an adaptive group equalization control method for an energy storage battery pack is proposed based on K-means clustering. First, an equalization topology is introduced to transfer equalization energy between cells or battery modules containing any number of cells. Second, the idea of group equalization is introduced, and the adjacent cells that need to be charged and discharged are clustered into groups using the K-means clustering algorithm to realize a balanced energy transfer between battery groups containing a different number of adjacent cells. Finally, simulation experiments verify the proposed cluster group equalization control. Compared with the range-based cell-to-cell equalization control, cluster group equalization control improves the equalization speed by 34.8%, 19.8%, and 17.6%, respectively, under the initial SOC distribution conditions: high in the middle, low on both sides; high on both sides, low in the middle; and balanced distribution. Herein, the idea of cluster equalization for an energy storage battery pack composed of a large number of cells is proposed, which is conducive to the equalization speed of the energy storage battery pack, thereby improving its energy utilization rate and cycle life and promoting the application of the energy storage battery pack.

Key words: K-means, consistency differences, energy storage battery pack, group equalization, equalization speed

中图分类号:

TM 912

吴毅, 孟亚宏, 张怡, 周铁, 刘继, 魏业文. 配电台区电池储能系统优化均衡控制研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1655-1663.

Yi WU, Yahong MENG, Yi ZHANG, Tie ZHOU, Ji LIU, Yewen WEI. Optimal equalization control of battery energy storage systems in power distribution station area[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1655-1663.

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