并列式预制舱换电站爆炸与泄爆模拟研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0515

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着能源结构的变化，集油、气、氢、电为一体的综合能源站成为未来能源加注站的发展趋势。预制舱式换电站作为综合能源站的电能模块，存在因电池热失控而引发燃爆事故的风险，进而引发二次事故。本文基于已投入运行的并列式预制舱换电站建立了1∶1三维仿真模型，将换电站内电池热失控所释放的气体作为爆炸源，通过CFD模拟研究了并列式预制舱换电站发生燃爆事故时的冲击波传播过程，确定了现有结构下的事故最大影响范围，探究了泄爆装置设置方式对泄爆效果的影响。研究结果表明：①通过模拟可以得到换电站舱内发生燃爆事故后产生的最大爆炸超压及最大影响范围，对并列式换电站邻侧换电舱影响较小。②通过设置泄爆装置可降低最大爆炸压力，大幅降低换电舱爆炸冲击波超压，有效减弱燃爆事故后果。③泄爆效果与泄爆装置开启压力近似线性相关，开启压力越小则泄爆效果越明显；泄爆效果受泄爆装置与点火源相对距离影响，泄爆装置距离点火源位置越近时泄爆效果越好；泄爆效果受泄爆装置设置位置影响，泄爆率由高到低为后部、侧部与顶部。为保证综合能源站安全运行，防止多米诺事故发生提供支撑。

关键词: 换电站, 锂电池, 泄爆, CFD

Abstract:

With changes in energy structure, comprehensive energy stations that integrate oil, gas, hydrogen, and electricity have become the developmental trend of future energy refueling stations. As the electrical energy module of a comprehensive energy station, the prefabricated modular heat exchange station carries explosion accident risks caused by thermal runaway of the battery, leading to secondary accidents. This article establishes a 1∶1 three-dimensional simulation model based on an already operational parallel prefabricated module power station. The gas released by the thermal runaway battery in the power station was used as the explosion source. The shock wave propagation process in a combustion and explosion accident in a parallel prefabricated module power station was studied via CFD simulation, and the maximum impact range of the accident under the existing structure was determined. The influence of the setting method of explosion relief device on the explosion relief effect was explored. The research results are summarized as follows. ① The maximum explosion overpressure and impact range generated after a combustion and explosion accident in the exchange station cabin could be obtained through simulation, which had a relatively small impact on the adjacent exchange cabin of the parallel exchange station. ② By setting up an explosion relief device, the maximum explosion pressure and overpressure of the shock wave in the power exchange compartment could be significantly reduced, effectively reducing the consequences of combustion and explosion accidents. ③ The venting effect was approximately linearly related to the opening pressure of the venting device, and the smaller the opening pressure, the more obvious the venting effect. The relative distance between the venting device and ignition source influences the venting effect. The closer the venting device was to the ignition source, the better the venting effect. The venting effect was influenced by the position of the venting device, and the venting rate ranges from high to low at the rear, side, and top. This supports the safe operation of comprehensive energy stations and prevents domino accidents.

Key words: rexchange power station, lithium batteries, explosion venting, CFD

中图分类号:

X 932

彭冠林, 凌晓东, 林俣洁, 姜辉. 并列式预制舱换电站爆炸与泄爆模拟研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3387-3394.

Guanlin PENG, Xiaodong LING, Yujie LIN, Hui JIANG. Simulation study on explosion and relief of parallel prefabricated cabin exchange power station[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3387-3394.

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建筑名称	尺寸(长×宽×高)	起始坐标
燃爆换电舱	11.55 m×3.55 m×3.2 m	(0，0，0)
邻侧换电舱	11.55 m×3.55 m×3.2 m	(6.55，0，0)
换电站控制室	3.2 m×3.55 m×3.2 m	(6.55，-3.55，0)
燃爆换电舱排气扇	0.5 m×0.5 m×0.5 m	(0，1，2.2)
邻侧换电舱排气扇	0.5 m×0.5 m×0.5 m	(10.1，1，2)
燃爆换电舱百叶窗	0.5 m×3.2 m×0.5 m	(0.2，11.55，2.5)
邻侧换电舱百叶窗	26 m×22 m×14 m	(6.7，11.55，2.5)

网格尺寸/m	网格数量	最大超压值/kPa	误差
0.25	5760000	357	—
0.5	720000	339	0.05
0.75	214400	314	0.12
1	90000	282	0.21

网格区域	区域范围						网格尺寸/m
	X		Y		Z		网格尺寸/m
	min	max	min	max	min	max	X	Y	Z
核心区域	0	4	0	12	0	4	0.25	0.25	0.25
计算域	-30	70	-30	30	0	15	拉伸系数1.2

参数	数值
环境温度/℃	20
初始风速/(m/s)	0
初始压力/kPa	101.325
边界条件	EULER

气体名称	体积分数
一氧化碳	55.4%
氢气	33.3%
乙烯	7.9%
甲烷	3.4%