地下车库场景下的全尺寸电动汽车火灾特征及抑制性能试验

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0520

储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (11): 3379-3386.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0520

地下车库场景下的全尺寸电动汽车火灾特征及抑制性能试验

王杰¹(), 赵晨曦¹, 李长征¹^,², 王学辉¹(), 陈钦佩³, 米文忠², 徐国⁴, 汪箭¹

^1.中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽合肥 230026
^2.清华大学合肥公共安全研究院，安徽合肥 230601
^3.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381
^4.上海嘉定区消防救援支队，上海 201800

收稿日期:2023-08-02 修回日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-11-16
通讯作者: 王学辉 E-mail:wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wxuehui@ustc.edu.cn
作者简介:王杰（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为新能源汽车安全，E-mail：wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006300);工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室开放课题(2022KLIB07);国家消防救援局科技计划项目“电动汽车应急救援破拆装备及实战应用技术”(2023XFCX37);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021B1515130008)

Thermal runaway and water spray of full-size electric vehicle under the underground garage scene： An experimental study

Jie WANG¹(), Chenxi ZHAO¹, Changzheng LI¹^,², Xuehui WANG¹(), Qinpei CHEN³, Wenzhong MI², Guo XU⁴, Jian WANG¹

^1.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
^2.Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
^3.Tianjin Fire Protection Research Institute of Emergency Management Department, Tianjin 300381, China
^4.Shanghai Jiading Fire and Rescue Division, Shanghai 201800, China

Received:2023-08-02 Revised:2023-08-18 Online:2023-11-05 Published:2023-11-16
Contact: Xuehui WANG E-mail:wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wxuehui@ustc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本工作对地下车库场景下的电动汽车热失控火灾特性及水喷淋抑制效果进行了研究，通过对车内不同位置以及车外顶棚温度在水喷淋前后的变化，得出了电动汽车热失控发展过程的不同特点。搭建了全尺寸的地下车库电动汽车火灾试验平台，通过电加热的方式触发车内电池包中的锂离子电池热失控，测试了电动汽车热失控发展中电池包、车身、顶棚处的温度变化。结果表明电池包内的电池热失控过程是由近及远的，主要传热方式是热传导，其最高温度超过600 ℃。车舱内的温度变化相较于电池包的变化来说，存在一定的滞后性，会导致车内人员安全错觉。当现场已经充满了大量黑烟时，顶棚处的最高温度仅为46.1 ℃，相较于温度传感器，烟雾传感器可能是地下车库一个更好的选择。水喷淋灭火试验表明一般的水喷淋灭火方式灭火效果有限，主要由于水喷淋无法直接作用在电池，降温效果有限，只能起到一定的减缓作用，并不能使其降至安全温度。本工作研究结果有助于深入认识受限空间内的电动汽车热危险性，为地下车库的消防安全设计提供基础数据支持与参考。

关键词: 全尺寸, 地下车库, 电动汽车, 热失控, 水喷淋

Abstract:

This study investigates the thermal runaway fire characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs) in an underground garage scenario and the suppression effect of water spray. Different characteristics of the thermal runaway development process of EVs are derived from the temperature changes at different locations inside the vehicle and the roof temperature outside the vehicle before and after the water spray. We scrutinized the temperature evolution of the battery pack, body, and roof during the development of EV thermal runaway. Our results showed that the battery thermal runaway process in the battery pack was proximal and distal, and the primary mode of heat transfer was heat conduction, with the highest temperature exceeding 600 ℃. When water could not directly act on the battery, the cooling effect was limited and only played a mitigating role, failing to reduce the temperature to a safe level. Compared with the change in the battery pack, the temperature change in the cabin had a certain lag, leading to the illusion of safety for the people in the car. We also found that when the scene was filled with a lot of black smoke, the highest temperature on the roof was only 46.1 ℃. The smoke sensor was more suitable for an underground garage than temperature sensor. The results of this study contributed to an in-depth understanding of the thermal hazard of EVs in confined spaces and provided basic data support and reference for the fire safety design of underground garages.

Key words: full-size, underground garage, electric vehicle, thermal runaway, water sprinkler

中图分类号:

X 928.7

王杰, 赵晨曦, 李长征, 王学辉, 陈钦佩, 米文忠, 徐国, 汪箭. 地下车库场景下的全尺寸电动汽车火灾特征及抑制性能试验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3379-3386.

Jie WANG, Chenxi ZHAO, Changzheng LI, Xuehui WANG, Qinpei CHEN, Wenzhong MI, Guo XU, Jian WANG. Thermal runaway and water spray of full-size electric vehicle under the underground garage scene： An experimental study[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3379-3386.

图/表 11

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位置	测点	说明
电池包	TC0～TC9	近端模组(其中1、8损坏)
	TC0～TC3	远端模组(其中2、3损坏)
	TC0～TC6	加热片模组(其中3、4损坏)
车舱	TC0	后座底板
	TC1	后备箱
	TC2	后挡风玻璃上沿
	TC3	车顶层
	TC4～TC7	驾驶位(其中4与6损坏)
顶棚	1TC0～1TC5	顶棚下侧
	2TC0～2TC6	顶棚右侧
	3TC0～3TC6	顶棚左侧
	4TC0～4TC5	顶棚上侧

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地下车库场景下的全尺寸电动汽车火灾特征及抑制性能试验

Thermal runaway and water spray of full-size electric vehicle under the underground garage scene： An experimental study

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