特种储能方舱电池系统低温快速预热研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0471

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高原高寒环境无外界供能条件下，特种储能方舱电池系统冷启动困难，启动时间长，供电性能衰减严重导致的应急支援保障能力下降问题，进行特种储能方舱低温快速预热自启动方法研究。通过分析储能方舱电池系统容量需求、温度边界条件与低温启动时间需求，计算储能电池组和低温启动电池组的容量配比；建立电池组三维产热模型，采用数值模拟方法，确定热管最佳布置方式。通过正交试验法探究预热结构中各因素对电池系统升温性能的影响，并进行参数选优。设计了采用闭环液体预热耦合加热管的预热系统并建立仿真分析模型，对热管对流换热下的电池系统升温性能进行了仿真，结果表明：在-20 ℃的环境温度下，储能方舱电池系统可在10 min内快速预热至5 ℃以上的正常工作温度，满足应急支援保障需求。

关键词: 储能方舱, 锂离子电池, 低温预热, 闭环热耦合

Abstract:

This study proposes a low-temperature rapid start-up scheme for mobile energy storage containers to address the problem of decreased emergency support capabilities caused by the long cold start time and severe performance degradation of mobile energy storage container batteries in high-altitude and cold environments. The capacity ratio and low-temperature start-up battery group were calculated based on the capacity requirements of the energy storage container battery system, temperature boundary conditions, and low-temperature start-up time requirements. A standard battery module model and a liquid preheating structure were established. An orthogonal experiment method was used to explore the influence of various factors in the preheating structure on the heating performance of the battery system, and the parameters were optimized. A preheating system with closed-loop liquid preheating coupled with heating-film preheating was designed, and the preheating effect of closed-loop preheating was investigated. The results show that in an environment with a temperature of -20 ℃, the energy storage container can preheat the energy storage battery to above 5 ℃ within 10 minutes.

Key words: energy storage container, lithium-ion battery, low-temperature preheating, closed-loop thermal coupling

中图分类号:

TH 137.51

谭伟, 马克, 徐伟晶, 米林, 陈楷翼. 特种储能方舱电池系统低温快速预热研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3369-3378.

Wei TAN, Ke MA, Weijing XU, Lin MI, Kaiyi CHEN. Design of a low-temperature rapid preheating system for an energy storage container battery system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3369-3378.

图/表 24

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表3

表4

正交试验结果"

实验序号	T/℃	G/(m/s)	H/mm	$Δ T$ /℃	p/Pa
1	7	0.5	20	8.69	6280
2	7	0.6	25	7.051	3590
3	7	0.8	30	6.518	7350
4	7	1	20	7.48	19323
5	8	0.5	25	7.836	4000
6	8	0.6	20	8.58	8450
7	8	0.8	25	6.901	8620
8	8	1	30	6.549	11000
9	9	0.5	30	8.188	3500
10	9	0.6	30	8.08	4740
11	9	0.8	20	8.329	13442
12	9	1	25	6.55	12400
13	10	0.5	25	8.32	4226
14	10	0.6	30	7.63	4740
15	10	0.8	25	7.385	8620
16	10	1	20	8.26	19323
17	10	1	30	7.09	11047

表4

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

图18

图19

图20

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设计参数	数值
储存电量/kWh	≥300
输出电压/V	220
最高能量密度/(Wh/kg)	140
放电倍率	1 C
充电倍率	1 C～2 C
运行温度/℃	-20～40

层级	电压/V	容量/Ah	存储电量/kWh
电芯	3.7	3.4	0.01258
模组(1 s 48 p)	3.7	163.2	0.61
标准包(16 s 48 p)	59.2	163.4	9.67
电池簇(64 s 48 p)	236.8	163.4	38.69
储能系统(64 s 336 p)	236.8	1143.8	270.852

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