储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (8): 2594-2605.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0265

• 储能测试与评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池储能集装箱爆炸危害数值模拟

陈满1(), 程志翔2, 赵春朋2, 彭鹏1, 雷旗开1, 金凯强2, 王青松2()   

  1. 1.南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司储能科研院，广东 广州 510000
    2.中国科学技术大学火灾 科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-25 修回日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2023-08-05 发布日期:2023-08-23
  • 通讯作者: 王青松 E-mail:13926159826@139.com;pinew@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈满（1973—），男，硕士，研究方向为锂离子电池储能安全，E-mail：13926159826@139.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2402004);中科院青促会项目(Y201768)

Numerical simulation study on explosion hazards of lithium-ion battery energy storage containers

Man CHEN1(), Zhixiang CHENG2, Chunpeng ZHAO2, Peng PENG1, Qikai LEI1, Kaiqiang JIN2, Qingsong WANG2()   

  1. 1.Energy Storage Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Power Generation Co. , Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2023-04-25 Revised:2023-05-09 Online:2023-08-05 Published:2023-08-23
  • Contact: Qingsong WANG E-mail:13926159826@139.com;pinew@ustc.edu.cn

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摘要：

随着电化学储能的规模化发展，以锂离子电池为能量载体的电化学储能电站火灾燃爆事故时有发生，成为制约其安全健康发展的主要瓶颈。储能集装箱本身的安全措施及摆放间距对于燃爆的发展及扩散有着重要的影响。本工作通过改变点火位置和泄压板强度来探究不同的冲击波压力和火焰传播速度变化对储能集装箱安全的影响，发现当着火点位于近进风百叶窗一侧时，冲击波压力升高，火焰传播速度增大，分别可达41.28 kPa和557.0 m/s。泄压板对储能集装箱安全设计至关重要，且仅在进风百叶窗处设置泄压板且将开启压力设置为30 kPa时，计算区域内已发展为爆轰，对周边安全造成较为严重的影响。此外，研究结果表明，单个储能舱发生燃爆后，在短边间距达到10 m时将会对周边造成的影响最小。该研究可为储能电站锂离子电池火灾事故预警、集装箱结构和防爆设计提供参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 储能, 集装箱, 爆炸危害, 数值模拟

Abstract:

With the continuous application scale expansion of electrochemical energy storage systems, fire and explosion accidents often occur in electrochemical energy storage power plants that use lithium-ion batteries. This has become the main bottleneck restricting their safe and healthy development. The safety measures and placement spacing of energy storage containers have an essential impact on combustion and explosion development and diffusion. Herein, the impact of changes in shock wave pressure and flame propagation speed on the safety of energy storage containers was revealed by changing the ignition position and pressure relief plate strength. It was found that when the ignition point was located on the side near the inlet louver, the shock wave pressure and flame propagation speed increased, reaching 41.28 kPa and 557.0 m/s, respectively. It was also found that the pressure relief plate was crucial for safety design. When the pressure relief plate was only set at the inlet louver and the opening pressure was set to 30 kPa, the calculation area developed into detonation, causing a severe impact on surrounding safety. In addition, the results indicated that after a single energy storage tank underwent combustion and explosion, when the distance between the short sides reached 10 m, the impact on the surrounding area would be minimal. This study can provide a reference for fire accident warnings, container structure, and explosion-proof design of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage power plants.

Key words: lithium ion battery, energy storage, container, explosion hazards, numerical simulation

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