锂离子电池热失控多维信号演化及耦合机制研究综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0694

储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 899-912.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0694

锂离子电池热失控多维信号演化及耦合机制研究综述

李奎杰¹(), 楼平², 管敏渊², 莫金龙²^,³, 张炜鑫¹, 曹元成¹(), 程时杰¹

^1.华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院，湖北武汉 430074
^2.国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司
^3.国网德清县供电公司，浙江湖州 313000

收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2022-12-04 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-04-14
通讯作者: 曹元成 E-mail:KuijieLi@163.com;yccao@hust.edu.cn
作者简介:李奎杰（1996—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为储能电池安全管理，E-mail：KuijieLi@163.com；
基金资助:
国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(B311UZ220001)

A review of multi-dimensional signal evolution and coupling mechanism of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

Kuijie LI¹(), Ping LOU², Minyuan GUAN², Jinlong MO²^,³, Weixin ZHANG¹, Yuancheng CAO¹(), Shijie CHENG¹

^1.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
^2.State Grid Huzhou Electric Power Supply Company
^3.State Grid Deqing County Power Supply Company, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2022-12-04 Online:2023-03-05 Published:2023-04-14
Contact: Yuancheng CAO E-mail:KuijieLi@163.com;yccao@hust.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池热失控问题是当前电化学储能电站安全的核心问题。准确详尽地掌握电池热失控过程是实现储能电站主动安全预警的前提。然而，锂离子电池是具有复杂非线性特性的电化学系统，其热失控过程将在多维物理场上表现出不同的信号特征，现有仅靠电压和温度等外特性信号的电池管理系统难以全面客观地监测电池的安全健康状态。因此，研究电池热失控过程中多维信号的演变及耦合机制具有重要意义。本文系统综述了锂离子电池热失控过程中的热、电、机械和气体四个维度的特征信号的演变规律，分析不同维度物理场信号之间的耦合特征，并展望基于多维传感信号融合的电池主动安全预警技术在储能电站的应用。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 多信号耦合, 安全预警

Abstract:

Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is the core issue of current electrochemical energy storage power stations regarding safety. Accurate and detailed description of the battery thermal runaway is the premise to realize the active safety warning of energy storage power stations. However, lithium-ion battery is an electrochemical system with complex nonlinear characteristics, which exhibits multi-dimensional signal characteristics during their thermal runaway evolution. It is difficult to comprehensively monitor batteries' safety and health status only by a single signal characteristic. Therefore, studying the evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-dimensional signals in the battery thermal runaway is essential. This review systematically investigated the evolution laws of characteristic signals in the four dimensions of thermal, electricity, machinery, and gas during the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries and analyzed the coupling characteristics between different signals. Furthermore, an active safety early warning method has prospected for energy storage batteries based on multi-dimensional sensing signals.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, multi-signal coupling, safety warning

中图分类号:

TM 912

李奎杰, 楼平, 管敏渊, 莫金龙, 张炜鑫, 曹元成, 程时杰. 锂离子电池热失控多维信号演化及耦合机制研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(3): 899-912.

Kuijie LI, Ping LOU, Minyuan GUAN, Jinlong MO, Weixin ZHANG, Yuancheng CAO, Shijie CHENG. A review of multi-dimensional signal evolution and coupling mechanism of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 899-912.

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时间	现象
0～362 s	锂电池正常工作，未探测到信号
362～584 s	探测到信号，气体浓度排序：DMC>CO₂>EMC>CH₄
584～600 s(热失控开始)	排气率增加，探测到C₂H₄、CH₃OCH₃和CH₃OCHO
600～840 s(热失控到达顶峰)	气体浓度排名：DMC>CO₂>EMC> C₂H₄>CH₄>CH₃OCH₃>CH₃OCHO
840～900 s	探测到HF
900～1500 s	DMC、HF和EMC的浓度继续增加但其余气体混合物浓度在降低
1500～2500 s	HF的浓度继续增加但其余气体混合物浓度在降低

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锂离子电池热失控多维信号演化及耦合机制研究综述

A review of multi-dimensional signal evolution and coupling mechanism of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

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