储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 218-226.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0391

• 储能测试与评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

过充、过热及其共同作用下车用三元锂离子电池热失控特性

何骁龙(), 石晓龙, 王子阳, 韩路豪, 姚斌()   

  1. 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-12 修回日期:2022-09-22 出版日期:2023-01-05 发布日期:2023-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 姚斌 E-mail:hexiaolong@mail.ustc.edu.cn;binyao@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:何骁龙（1998—），男，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为锂离子电池热安全技术，E-mail： hexiaolong@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(wk2320000053)

Experimental study on thermal runaway characteristics of vehicle NCM lithium-ion batteries under overcharge， overheating， and their combined effects

Xiaolong HE(), Xiaolong SHI, Ziyang WANG, Luhao HAN, Bin YAO()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2022-07-12 Revised:2022-09-22 Online:2023-01-05 Published:2023-02-08
  • Contact: Bin YAO E-mail:hexiaolong@mail.ustc.edu.cn;binyao@ustc.edu.cn

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摘要：

锂离子电池作为目前电动汽车的主要能源电池，其在外界滥用条件下的热失控问题受到广泛关注，研究不同滥用下尤其是多种滥用共同作用下的电池热失控特性可有效提高电池使用安全性。本工作以车用50 Ah方型动力三元锂离子电池单体作为研究对象，利用大功率充放电循环仪和电加热装置，进行了1 C倍率过充、150 W局部过热及其共同作用下的电池热失控实验。对不同工况下热失控实验现象、质量损失、温度变化、升温速率变化、升温部位和电压变化等实验结果进行对比分析，结果表明：过充过热共同作用下电池热失控具有更大危险性，电池热失控时间比单一滥用减少约35%，热失控时电池SOC比过充减小约35%，电池电压会出现“持续上升—突降至零”现象。本研究可为车用三元锂离子电池热管理系统安全设计提供参考。

关键词: 三元锂离子电池, 热失控, 过充, 过热, 共同作用

Abstract:

The thermal runaway problem of lithium-ion batteries under external abuse has attracted widespread attention as it is currently the main energy battery of electric vehicles. Studying the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries under various abuse, especially under the combined action of multiple cases of abuse, can effectively improve the safety of battery use. In this study, the vehicle 50 Ah square power NCM lithium-ion battery monomer is taken as the research object, and the experiments of 1 C rate overcharge, 150 W local overheating, and battery thermal runaway under the combined action was performed by using high-power charge-discharge cycle instrument and electric heating device. The experimental results of the thermal runaway phenomenon, mass loss, temperature change, temperature rise rate change, temperature rise position, and voltage change under different working conditions were compared and analyzed. The results show that the battery's thermal runaway duration under the combined effect of overcharging and overheating is about 35% less than that of single abuse. The battery can release a large amount of heat by releasing gas and surface heat conduction. Under the combined action, the first heating part of the battery is the pole piece and the heating surface. When the contact heating is out of control due to the combined action of overcharge and overheating, the SOC of the battery reduces by roughly 35% in comparison to that of the overcharge. Under the combined action, the battery voltage will appear in the “continuous rise-sudden drop to zero” phenomenon. This study can provide a reference for the safety design of the NCM lithium-ion battery thermal management system.

Key words: NCM lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, overcharge, overheat, combined action

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