提升斜坡式重力储能AGC性能的混合储能优化运行方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0211

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重力储能具有安全性高、成本低、寿命长、存储能量无衰减、建设周期短及环境友好等优势，在长时大容量储能领域有广阔应用前景。然而，重力储能固有的功率离散特性和时滞特性，导致其在参与自动发电控制(AGC)等电网辅助服务时性能不佳。针对该问题，本文提出了一种提升斜坡式重力储能AGC性能的混合储能优化运行方法。首先，分析了斜坡式重力储能的功率离散特性和时滞特性对AGC指令跟踪精度和速度的影响。在此基础上，提出为重力储能配置电池储能，构建混合储能系统，实现输出功率的连续、快速调节。综合考虑电池折旧成本和AGC偏差电量惩罚成本，结合重力储能的安全运行要求和电池储能运行约束，建立了混合储能系统的功率优化模型。根据混合储能系统的工作特点，提出了优化运行方法的流程框架，并在此基础上设计了以AGC响应成本最低为目标的遗传算法。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的优化运行方法可以显著降低AGC响应成本，从而解决斜坡式重力储能系统AGC性能差的问题。

关键词: 重力储能, 混合储能, AGC响应, 优化运行方法

Abstract:

Gravity energy storage has the advantages of high security, low cost, long life, no decay of stored energy, short construction cycle, and environmental friendliness, and it has broad application prospects in long-time large-capacity energy storage. However, the inherent power discrete and time lag characteristics of gravity energy storage lead to its poor performance when used in grid auxiliary services such as automatic generation control (AGC). To address this problem, this study proposes a hybrid energy storage optimization operation method to enhance the performance of ramp-type gravity energy storage AGC. First, the effects of power discrete and time lag characteristics of a ramped gravity energy storage on the tracking accuracy and speed of AGC commands are analyzed. Consequently, the configuration of the battery energy storage for gravity energy storage is proposed to construct a hybrid energy storage system and realize continuous and fast regulation of output power. The power optimization model of the hybrid energy storage system was established by considering the depreciation cost of the battery and the cost of the AGC deviation power penalty and by combining the safe operation requirements of gravity energy storage and the operation constraints of the battery energy storage. According to the operating characteristics of the hybrid energy storage system, a process framework for the optimization operation method was proposed, and a genetic algorithm for minimizing the AGC response cost was designed. The simulation results show that the optimized operation method proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the AGC response cost, thus solving the problem of poor AGC performance in ramped gravity energy storage systems.

Key words: gravity energy storage, hybrid energy storage, AGC response, optimized operation methods

中图分类号:

TK 02

李震, 陈巨龙, 李文林, 张裕, 杨婕睿, 陈思哲. 提升斜坡式重力储能AGC性能的混合储能优化运行方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2761-2771.

Zheng LI, Julong CHEN, Wenlin LI, Yu ZHANG, Jierui YANG, Sizhe CHEN. Optimized operation of hybrid energy storage to enhance the performance of AGC with sloped gravity storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2761-2771.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
斜坡角度/(°)	30	质量块运行速度/(m/s)	2
斜坡质量块数量上限/块	5	斜坡长度/m	200
斜坡质量块数量下限/块	0	质量块安全间距/m	40
单个质量块质量/t	40	重力储能放电效率	0.9
重力储能额定功率/kW	1800	初始质量块数量/块	3

参数	数值	参数	数值
电池储能额定功率/kW	500	SOC上限	0.9
电池储能容量/kWh	100	SOC下限	0.1
单位容量价格/(元/kWh)	2000	SOC初始值	0.5
电池循环寿命/次	3000	电池充/放电效率	0.95

参数	数值
上惩罚阈值/%	106
下惩罚阈值/%	98
单位偏差电量惩罚成本/(元/kW)	0.022

时刻	斜坡起始区域	斜坡第二区域	斜坡第三区域	斜坡第四区域	斜坡末端区域	总个数
0 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
20 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
40 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
60 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
80 s	0	0	1	1	1	3
100 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
120 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
140 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
160 s	1	1	1	1	0	4
180 s	0	1	1	1	1	4
200 s	1	0	1	1	1	4
220 s	1	1	0	1	1	4
240 s	1	1	1	0	1	4

时刻	斜坡起始区域	斜坡第二区域	斜坡第三区域	斜坡第四区域	斜坡末端区域	总个数
0 s	1	0	0	1	1	3
20 s	1	1	0	0	1	3
40 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
60 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
80 s	0	0	1	1	1	3
100 s	0	0	0	1	1	2
120 s	1	0	0	0	1	2
140 s	1	1	0	0	0	2
160 s	1	1	1	0	0	3
180 s	0	1	1	1	0	3
200 s	1	0	1	1	1	4
220 s	1	1	0	1	1	4
240 s	1	1	1	0	1	4