储能系统的参数自适应改进VDCM控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0504

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在独立运行直流微电网中，由于接入大量电力电子变换装置，系统惯性较低，阻尼较小，系统稳定性较差，同时，新能源和负载的功率波动将引起母线电压波动，严重时会影响直流微电网的稳定运行。为增强系统惯性，本文研究基于参数自适应改进虚拟直流电机(virtual DC motor, VDCM)控制策略，提升母线电压暂态稳定性。介绍虚拟直流电机控制原理，建立储能控制系统的小信号模型，深入分析虚拟转动惯量、阻尼系数和电压调节器比例、积分参数对系统稳定性影响，以及母线电压波动过程中各波动阶段对参数大小的需求。在此基础上，建立虚拟转动惯量、比例系数和积分系数与母线电压偏差的函数关系式。根据电压偏差动态调节VDCM和电压调节器参数，缩短电压的扰动恢复时间的同时减小电压波动。通过搭建的RTDS和RCP硬件在环实验系统，验证所提控制策略的正确性与可行性。

关键词: 直流微电网, 储能控制, 参数自适应, 虚拟直流电机, 硬件在环实验

Abstract:

During the independent operation of DC microgrids, the integration of numerous power electronic conversion devices, coupled with the power fluctuations of renewable energy sources and variable loads, results in reduced inertia, lower damping, and compromised stability. These conditions often cause significant bus voltage fluctuations, potentially threatening the stable operation of the DC microgrid. To address these challenges, this paper investigates an enhanced virtual DC motor (VDCM) control strategy based on parameter adaptation to improve the transient stability of the bus voltage. The control principle of the virtual DC motor is introduced, and a small-signal model of the energy storage control system is established. An in-depth analysis is conducted on the influence of virtual inertia, damping coefficient, and voltage regulator proportional and integral parameters on system stability, highlighting the parameter requirements during each stage of bus voltage fluctuations. Based on this analysis, functional relationships between virtual inertia, proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and bus voltage deviation are derived. By dynamically adjusting VDCM and voltage regulator parameters in response to voltage deviations, the proposed strategy effectively reduces recovery time under disturbances and minimizes voltage fluctuations. The correctness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are validated through a hardware-in-loop experimental system utilizing a real-time digital simulator and rapid control prototyping.

Key words: DC microgrid, energy storage control, parameter adaptive, VDCM, hardware-in-loop experiment

中图分类号:

TM 912

乔顺庆, 田桂珍, 张建伟, 韩小宇. 储能系统的参数自适应改进VDCM控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3993-4004.

Shunqing QIAO, Guizhen TIAN, Jianwei ZHANG, Xiaoyu HAN. Parameter-adaptive improved VDCM control strategy for energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3993-4004.

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主要参数	数值	主要参数	数值
光伏功率P_pv	15 kW	初始转动惯量J_a	0.01
负载功率P_load	10 kW	初始转动惯量J_b	0.08
阻尼系数D	5	储能系统端口电压	400 V
储能容量C	100 Ah	转动惯量调节系数A	0.01
直流母线电压U_dc	750 V	转动惯量调节系数B	0.02
初始比例系数K_pa	6	调节系数E	15
初始积分系数K_ia	1500	调节系数F	1000

控制策略	母线电压波动幅值	恢复稳定时间
双闭环控制	±9 V	0.64 s
基于J自适应VDCM控制	±6 V	0.48 s
基于参数自适应改进VDCM控制	±4 V	0.24 s

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