直流微电网储能装置双向DC-DC变换器参数自适应反步控制

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0461

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能装置是支撑微电网灵活运行的关键。包含储能装置的直流微电网高度电力电子化，呈现强非线性特征，且系统参数时变。针对分布式电源功率波动引起的孤岛型直流微电网母线电压波动问题，采用蓄电池作为系统功率平衡装置，基于参数自适应反步方法设计了储能装置充放电控制器。首先，基于戴维南等效模型建立了蓄电池和Buck/Boost变换器组成的储能系统的数学模型，然后将模型运行过程中的时变参数视为未知，利用参数自适应原理对未知参数进行在线实时估计，并基于参数估计值和Lyapunov理论设计控制器，调控储能装置的充放电过程，实现直流微电网源与荷间的功率平衡，在提高系统建模精度的同时确保了直流微电网的稳定性。仿真结果表明，在光照不足情况下，储能装置持续放电以稳定电压。与传统线性PI控制器和精确反馈线性化控制器相比，母线电压调节时间减小0.120 s和0.045 s、电压波动减小3.1%和2.9%；在光照充足情况下，储能装置平稳充电，与基于固定参数的反步控制器相比，电压调节时间减小0.04 s，电压偏差减小0.8%。可见，在分布式电源波动甚至完全切除的情况下，基于参数最优估计值的反步控制器能够调节储能装置在充放电状态间灵活切换，较好地维持了母线电压，而且在参数摄动时表现了良好的鲁棒性。

关键词: 储能装置, 直流微电网, 双向DC-DC变换器, 参数自适应, 反步控制

Abstract:

The energy storage device is the key to supporting the flexibility of the microgrid. Because it contains a large number of electronic devices, the DC microgrid with energy storage devices shows nonlinear characteristics. Furthermore, the parameters are time-varying. To suppress the fluctuation of bus voltage caused by the power fluctuation of distributed power sources in an isolated DC microgrid, a battery is used as the power balance device of the system, and the charge-discharge controller of the battery is designed based on the parameter adaptive backstepping method. First, a mathematical model of the energy storage system composed of a battery and a buck/boost converter is established using Thevenin's equivalent model. Thereafter, the time-varying parameters during the operation of the model are regarded as unknown, and the unknown parameters are estimated online and in real-time by using the principle of parameter adaptation. The backstepping controller, which is based on parameter estimation and Lyapunov control theory, is designed recursively to regulate the charging and discharging processes of energy storage devices and balance the power between sources and loads of DC microgrids. The simulation result shows that in the case of insufficient illumination, the energy storage device keeps discharging and stabilizing the voltage. When compared with the traditional linear PI controller and exact feedback linearization controller, an adaptive backstepping controller reduces bus voltage regulation time by 0.120 s and 0.045 s respectively, and the fluctuation of the bus voltage is reduced by 3.1% and 2.9%. respectively. In the case of sufficient illumination, the energy storage device can be charged smoothly. Compared with the backstepping controller based on fixed parameters, the response is 0.04 s faster and the voltage deviation is 0.8% smaller. The result also reveals that the backstepping controller based on the optimal parameter estimates can adjust the energy storage device to switch between charging and discharging states flexibly, and maintain the bus voltage well when the power of the distributed PV fluctuates or even completely cuts off. Furthermore, when the parameters of the system are perturbed, the robustness improves.

Key words: energy storage device, DC microgrid, bidirectional DC-DC converter, parameter adaptive, backstepping control

中图分类号:

TM 46

申景潮, 胡健, 胡敬梁, 焦提操, 齐晓妹, 王云鹏, 于娣, 刘尚奇. 直流微电网储能装置双向DC-DC变换器参数自适应反步控制[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1512-1522.

Jingchao SHEN, Jian HU, Jingliang HU, Ticao JIAO, Xiaomei QI, Yunpeng WANG, Di YU, Shangqi LIU. Parameter adaptive backstepping control of bidirectional DC-DC converter for DC microgrid energy storage device[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1512-1522.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

直流微电网系统仿真参数"

项目

参数

数值

负荷

恒功率负载 $P$ /kW

直流负载 $R$ /Ω

光伏单元

光伏输出电压 $E P V$ /V

电容 $C P V$ /μF

电感 $L 1$ /mF

电容 $C d c$ /mF

300

1000

3.5

储能单元

蓄电池输出电压 $E b$ /V

电容 $C b$ /μF

电感 $L$ /mF

电阻 $R b$ /Ω

电阻 $R s$ /Ω

200

100

0.3

表1

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

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