含电动汽车的光储充一体化电站设施规划与运行联合优化

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0481

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统充电站对电网冲击大、土地利用率低、建设成本高等问题，提出一种光储充一体化电站设施配置经济规划与运行联合优化模型。模型以含投资成本、运维成本、充能惩罚成本的一体化电站经济效益最优为目标函数，综合考虑间歇性光伏发电出力、储能运行状态与出力、配电网售电等约束，并基于M/G/N/K排队论刻画电动汽车的充电行为。从规划角度上，对光伏容量、储能容量、充电桩个数和候车位个数进行配置决策；从运行角度上，对配电网和一体化电站内各可控单元进行能量调度计划。最后通过算例仿真，对比分析不同场景、不同地域、不同预算下一体化电站的配置结果和成本组成，光储配置结果和光伏出力不确定性对总利润的影响。结果表明：光储容量配置对一体化电站的经济贡献大于充电桩个数和候车位个数，在实际规划中应设置规划优先级；储能在一体化电站中的能量管理中体现出良好灵活性，能够提高其运行经济性；且不同区域环境和光伏出力不确定性能影响一体化电站设施配置结果和利润。

关键词: 光储充一体化电站, 光伏, 储能, 电动汽车, 设施配置

Abstract:

The traditional charging station has the problems of having a very great impact on the electrical power grid, low land utilization rate, and high construction cost. In view of the referred engineering problems, a joint optimization model of economic planning and operation of the facility configuration of a Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging integrated station is proposed. The model takes the optimal economic benefit of the integrated power station, including investment cost, maintenance cost, operation cost, and charging penalty cost, as the objective function. And it comprehensively considers the constraints, including intermittent photovoltaic power (PV) generation, energy storage stations, and energy interaction with the distribution network, and describes the charging behavior of electric vehicles based on M/G/N/K queuing theory. From the perspective of planning, make configuration decisions on photovoltaic capacity, energy storage capacity, the number of charging piles, and the number of waiting spaces. Then, from an operational perspective, make energy dispatching plans for each controlled unit integrated into the distribution network and integrated power station. Finally, the configuration results and the cost composition of integrated power stations under different scenarios, regions, and budgets are compared and analyzed using example simulations, as is the impact of optical storage configuration results and photovoltaic output uncertainty on the total profit. The results show that the economic contribution of optical storage capacity allocation to the integrated power station is greater than the number of charging piles and waiting spaces, and the planning priority should be set in the actual planning. Energy storage shows good flexibility in energy management in the integrated power station, which can improve its operation economy. Moreover, the uncertain performance of different regional environments and photovoltaic output affects the facility configuration results and profits of the integrated power station.

Key words: photovoltaic-storage-charging integrated station, photovoltaic, energy storage, electric vehicles, equipment configuration

中图分类号:

TM 732

张岩, 韩伟, 宋闯, 杨双义. 含电动汽车的光储充一体化电站设施规划与运行联合优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1502-1511.

Yan ZHANG, Wei HAN, Chuang SONG, Shuangyi YANG. Joint planning and operation optimization of photovoltaic-storage- charging integrated station containing electric vehicles[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1502-1511.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

表2

PSCIS相关参数"

参数	数值	参数	数值
$P D N m a x$	1200 kW	$C P V M$	10980 ¥/kW
η_ch/η_dis	0.95	$C L M$	73260 ¥
N^max	10	$C C H M$	210000 ¥
R^max	20	C^W	3.63 ¥
C^ESS	0.06 ¥/kW	C^rej	5.47 ¥
$C E S S M$	1626 ¥/kW	P^rate	120 kW
C_PV	10360 ¥/kW	—	—

表2

表3

表4

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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时段类型	时段	电价/[¥/(kWh)]
谷时段	00∶00—06∶00	1.284
平时段	06∶00—16∶00	1.752
平时段	21∶00—00∶00	1.752
峰时段	16∶00—21∶00	2.280

Case	充电桩数量	候车位数量	PV容量/kW	ESS容量/kW
Case 1	6	1	—	—
Case 2	6	1	—	1800
Case 3	5	2	600	—
Case 4	4	2	533	592

成本和利润组成/(10⁶¥)	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4
充电收入	266.057	266.057	243.193	212.265
运行成本	253.25	236.352	110.033	74.342
惩罚成本	2.280	2.280	2.808	3.557
维修成本	1.373	2.766	2.915	2.997
投资成本	1.333	4.260	7.785	7.800
总利润	7.821	20.399	119.652	123.569

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