面向一次调频的镍氢电池系统开发

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0140

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (7): 2213-2221.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0140

面向一次调频的镍氢电池系统开发

吴田¹^,²(), 林闽城³, 海浩³, 孙海渔³, 温兆银⁴, 马福元¹^,²()

^1.浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司
^2.浙江省太阳能利用及节能技术重点实验室，浙江杭州 311121
^3.宁夏枣泉发电有限责任公司，宁夏灵武 750409
^4.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所，上海 200050

收稿日期:2022-03-16 修回日期:2022-03-19 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-06-29
通讯作者: 马福元 E-mail:wutian@zjenergy.com.cn;mafuyuan@zjenergy.com.cn
作者简介:吴田（1991—），男，博士，工程师，研究方向为先进电池技术，E-mail：wutian@zjenergy.com.cn；
基金资助:
浙江省能源集团科技项目(ZNKJ2020003)

Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation

Tian WU¹^,²(), Mincheng LIN³, Hao HAI³, Haiyu SUN³, Zhaoyin WEN⁴, Fuyuan MA¹^,²()

^1.Zhejiang Energy R&D Institute Co. , Ltd.
^2.Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization & Energy Saving Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
^3.Ningxia Zaoquan Power Generation Co. , Ltd, Lingwu 750409, Ningxia, China
^4.Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chines Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China

Received:2022-03-16 Revised:2022-03-19 Online:2022-07-05 Published:2022-06-29
Contact: Fuyuan MA E-mail:wutian@zjenergy.com.cn;mafuyuan@zjenergy.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源大规模并网降低了电力系统的转动惯量水平和抗扰动能力，削弱了电网的频率稳定性，增加了电网一次调频的难度。面对日益繁重的调频压力，开发一种能够响应电网一次调频的新型储能系统具有重要的意义。本文通过对西北某火电厂660 MW机组的一次调频实际工况分析，提出了镍氢电池储能系统参与一次调频的容量最优设计和控制策略。进一步地，针对目标容量为5 MW/0.5 MWh的储能系统，研制高功率的镍氢电池单体、电池模块以及电池系统，并进行了充放电倍率、循环寿命、一致性、一次调频工况等多项测试。结果表明：镍氢电池单体具有10 C充放的功率特性和浅充浅放条件下48万次的长循环寿命，电池模块以及电池系统具备在大功率测试条件下稳定工作的能力。验证了镍氢电池储能技术在火电一次调频中应用潜力。

关键词: 镍氢电池, 储能系统, 一次调频, 荷电状态

Abstract:

Large-scale grid integration of renewable energy reduces the level of inertia and anti-disturbance ability of power systems, weakens the frequency stability of the power grid, and increases the difficulty of primary frequency modulation (PFM) of the power grid. Facing the increasing pressure of frequency modulation, an energy storage system that responds to the PFM of the power grid is required. This paper introduces the principles of the nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. Then, combined with operational condition data of 660 MW thermal power units participating in PFM in Northwest China, the optimal power/capacity configuration results and coordinated control strategy suitable for an Ni-MH battery energy storage system are proposed. In addition, high-power Ni-MH batteries, modules, and systems are developed for energy storage systems with a target capacity of 5 MW/0.5 MWh. The charge and discharge curves, cycle life, consistency, and PFM conditions of the batteries, modules, and systems were evaluated. Experimental data results demonstrate that the high-power Ni-MH batteries presented in this paper exhibit high charge and discharge rates of 10 C and 480,000 cycles under short-time and high-frequency working conditions. The modules and systems work stably under high-power test conditions. The results of this study verify the application potential of Ni-MH battery energy storage technology in the PFM of thermal power.

Key words: Ni-MH Battery, energy storage system, primary frequency modulation, state of charge

中图分类号:

O 646.21

吴田, 林闽城, 海浩, 孙海渔, 温兆银, 马福元. 面向一次调频的镍氢电池系统开发[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2213-2221.

Tian WU, Mincheng LIN, Hao HAI, Haiyu SUN, Zhaoyin WEN, Fuyuan MA. Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2213-2221.

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功率型储能技术类型	功率密度 /(W/kg)	功率密度 /(W/L)	功率成本 /(元/kW)	能量密度 /(Wh/kg)	能量密度 /(Wh/L)	能量成本 /(元/kWh)	能量效率 /%	循环寿命 /次
锂离子电池(LFP)	150～300	400～800	1000～2000	120～180	200～400	700～2000	约95%	约5000
超级电容器	1000～10000	400～1000	100～400	0.5～7	4～10	9500～13500	约95%	约1000000
飞轮储能	500～4000	100～250	1700～2000	20～50	20～100	44000～45000	约90%	20000以上
镍氢电池	500～1200	500～1500	600～1000	50～100	100～150	4000～6000	约90%	3000以上

参数名称	镍氢电池	锂离子电池(LFP)
功率/容量配置	5 MW/0.5 MWh (10 C方案)	5 MW/2.5 MWh (2 C方案)
直流侧设备(电池+BMS+成组)单位容量费用/(万元/MWh)	600～700	约150
交流侧设备单位功率费用/(万元/MW)	40	40
系统集成单位容量费用/(万元/MWh)	50	50
总的功率成本/(万元/MW)	105～115	约130

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面向一次调频的镍氢电池系统开发

Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation

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