基于电热气多能耦合的SOC绿电制储运氢系统优化研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0310

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (10): 3824-3838.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0310

基于电热气多能耦合的SOC绿电制储运氢系统优化研究

赫亚庆¹(), 王维庆¹(), 王浩成², 池映天³, 李佳蓉³, 何山¹, 刘博文¹, 张新燕¹

^1.新疆大学可再生能源发电与并网控制教育部工程研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
^2.伊犁师范大学电子与信息工程学院，新疆伊宁 835000
^3.清华大学电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室，北京 100084

收稿日期:2025-03-31 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-10-28 发布日期:2025-10-20
通讯作者: 王维庆 E-mail:2363423816@qq.com;wwq59@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:赫亚庆（1990—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为面向新能源消纳的高温电制氢系统建模与变负荷运行优化，E-mail：2363423816@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52267005)

Optimization of an SOC green hydrogen production storage and transportation system based on electricity-heat-gas multienergy coupling

Yaqing HE¹(), Weiqing WANG¹(), Haocheng WANG², Yingtian CHI³, Jiarong LI³, Shan HE¹, Bowen LIU¹, Xinyan ZHANG¹

^1.Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Renewable Energy power Generation and Grid Connection, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, China
^2.College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2025-03-31 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2025-10-28 Published:2025-10-20
Contact: Weiqing WANG E-mail:2363423816@qq.com;wwq59@xju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对风光资源随机波动导致绿电消纳困难、常规电解水制氢效率低、H₂储运成本高等问题，本工作从固体氧化物电池(solid oxide cells，SOC)特性出发，提出一种含掺氢天然气管网的SOC氢储能电热气多能耦合优化模型。通过构建含风电、光伏、供热系统、SOC氢储能及掺氢输运系统的动态耦合模型，以绿电消纳率、系统经济性与碳减排为多目标，综合考虑绿电出力不确定约束、电热气能量守恒约束以及H₂制储输系统运行约束，通过整合优化得出最优解。对新疆某园区(年弃风弃光量11520 MWh)电热气多能流能源循环系统进行仿真实验，结果表明：SOC氢储能系统可实现绿电100%全消纳，较常规储能(蓄电池+储热器)年运行成本降低214万元，碳排放减少1068 t。通过热电联产(combined heat and power，CHP)电热比系数优化，SOC电解效率提升至85%，余热利用率达90%，实现了电解水反应驱动力最大化。掺氢天然气管网在30%体积掺混比例下，天然气体积消耗减少23%，系统总成本降低超50%，管网摩擦压降减小，节点气压提升，输运能力显著增强，投资回报率大幅提高，为大规模消纳可再生能源、实现氢气高效经济长距离安全输送提供参考。

关键词: 固体氧化物电池, 掺氢, 绿电, 氢储能, 热电联产

Abstract:

In response to the challenges of absorbing green power caused by the variability of wind and solar resources, the limited efficiency of conventional water electrolysis methods for hydrogen production, and the high costs associated with H₂ storage and transportation, this paper proposes a solid oxide cell (SOC)-based hydrogen storage and electricity-heat-gas multienergy coupling optimization model incorporating a hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline network. A dynamic coupling model is constructed, encompassing wind power, photovoltaic systems, heating systems, SOC hydrogen storage, and hydrogen-doped transportation systems. With green power utilization rate, cost-effectiveness, and carbon reduction as key optimization objectives-and considering the uncertainty of renewable energy output, energy balance constraints for electricity and thermal gas, and operational limitations of H₂ production, storage, and transportation-integrated optimization is used to obtain the optimal solution. A simulation experiment was conducted on a multienergy flow cycle system involving electricity and thermal energy in a specific park in Xinjiang, where the annual abandoned wind and solar power totaled 11520 MWh). The results demonstrated that the SOC-based hydrogen energy storage system can achieve 100% utilization of renewable power, reducing annual operating costs by ¥2.14 million and carbon emissions by 1068 tons compared to conventional energy storage methods (battery and thermal storage). By optimizing the electric-to-thermal ratio coefficient of combined heat and power, the electrolysis efficiency of SOCs increased to 85%, while the waste heat utilization rate reached 90%, thereby maximizing of the driving force for water electrolysis. At a 30% volume mixing ratio, the natural gas consumption in the hydrogen-doped pipeline network decreased by 23%, the total system cost was reduced by over 50%, frictional pressure loss in the pipeline was minimized, node pressure improved, and overall transportation capacity significantly enhanced. The return on investment was substantially improved, offering valuable insights for large-scale renewable energy integration and facilitating efficient, cost-effective, long-distance, and safe H₂ transport.

Key words: solid oxide cells, hydrogen-doped, green power, hydrogen energy storage, combined heat and power

中图分类号:

TM 911

赫亚庆, 王维庆, 王浩成, 池映天, 李佳蓉, 何山, 刘博文, 张新燕. 基于电热气多能耦合的SOC绿电制储运氢系统优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(10): 3824-3838.

Yaqing HE, Weiqing WANG, Haocheng WANG, Yingtian CHI, Jiarong LI, Shan HE, Bowen LIU, Xinyan ZHANG. Optimization of an SOC green hydrogen production storage and transportation system based on electricity-heat-gas multienergy coupling[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3824-3838.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

表 1

表2

SOC电压仿真模型与实验数据"

参数	理论值/V	实验值/V	偏差/%
$U a$	0.06	0.063	5
$U n$	0.01	0.011	10
$U o$	0.04	0.043	7.5
$U r$	1.28	1.297	1.3
$U c$	1.39	1.414	1.7

表2

图5

表 3

表 4

图6

表 5

图7

表 6

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

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参数	数值	单位
水的有效扩散系数	1.69×10^-5	m²/s
室温	25	℃
系统预热温度区间	[110，120]	℃
电堆温度区间	[800，860]	℃
电堆口最大温差	200	℃
活化过电压惯性	0.25	s
电流控制的惯性	0.03	s
电槽温度惯性	123.4	kJ/K
泵组转动惯量	[1.3 1.3 1.3]^T	10^-4 kg·m²
余热回收效率	65％	1

时段	时间	价格/(元/kWh)
峰时段	8∶00—11∶00，19∶00—24∶00	0.6574
平时段	11∶00—13∶00，17∶00—19∶00，0∶00—4∶00	0.4157
谷时段	4∶00—8∶00，13∶00—17∶00	0.1740

储能类型	参数	单位	数值
SOC储能	SOC配置功率	MW	9.8
	储氢器容量	MWh	11.9
	SOC电池价格	元/kW	5000
	储氢器价格	元/kWh	1.7
	SOEC电解效率	%	85
	SOFC转化效率	%	60
	余热利用率	%	90
	氢气充放效率	%	99

常规储能	蓄电池功率	MW	4.8
	蓄电池容量	MWh	24
	储热器容量	MWh	56
	蓄电池价格	元/kWh	700
	蓄电池充放效率	%	80
	储热器成本	元/kWh	2.6
	储热器充放效率	%	90

支路	气体流量/(Nm³/h)	管径/mm	长度/km
1—2	5200	d₁=323.9	4
2—3	2600	d₂=219.1	10
2—4	2600	d₂=219.1	12
3—5	1700	d₃=168.3	6
4—6	1700	d₃=168.3	6
6—7	720	d₄=114.3	4

储能类型	年均弃风弃光量	年均运行成本
SOC储能	0 MWh	2569万元
常规储能	11520 MWh	2654万元

基于电热气多能耦合的SOC绿电制储运氢系统优化研究

Optimization of an SOC green hydrogen production storage and transportation system based on electricity-heat-gas multienergy coupling

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