基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0475

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (11): 4277-4288.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0475

基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略

李世春¹^,²(), 谢佳宏¹^,²(), 刘浩斌¹^,², 衷传州¹^,², 汤鑫洋¹^,², 王秋杰¹^,²

^1.三峡大学电气与新能源学院，湖北宜昌 443002
^2.梯级水电站运行与控制湖北省重点实验室(三峡大学)，湖北宜昌 443002

收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-11-24
通讯作者: 谢佳宏 E-mail:lschunu_023@126.com;1341547940@qq.com
作者简介:李世春（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为含新能源电力系统运行与控制，E-mail：lschunu_023@126.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52307109)

Frequency regulation cooperative control strategy of power grid based on hybrid energy storage of storage battery and variable speed pumped storage

Shicun LI¹^,²(), Jiahong XIE¹^,²(), Haobin LIU¹^,², Chuanzhou ZHONG¹^,², Xinyang TANG¹^,², Qiujie WANG¹^,²

^1.College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy in CTGU, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
^2.Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cascade Hydropower Station Operation and Control (Three Gorges University), Yichang 443002, Hubei, China

Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-06-15 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-11-24
Contact: Jiahong XIE E-mail:lschunu_023@126.com;1341547940@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

变速抽水蓄能机组并网能有效改善高比例新能源电力系统的频率稳定性，但其调频能力因水泵水轮机导叶动作迟缓和功率负调现象的存在而受到一定制约。为了进一步提升电网调频能力，针对变速抽水蓄能机组导叶调节速率受限和导叶动作初期功率负调引起的频率恶化问题，考虑到蓄电池储能的快速响应能力，提出一种蓄电池储能协同变速抽水蓄能机组的混合储能调频控制策略。首先，构建了包含变速抽蓄机组在内的动态频率响应模型，揭示了导叶调节速率和功率负调对频率特性的影响机理。然后，设计了基于导叶开度的蓄电池调频系数自适应设置方法，通过定义导叶动作系数，建立蓄电池储能调频系数与导叶开度的联系，使蓄电池储能调频出力根据导叶开启程度自适应调节，实现蓄电池储能与变速抽蓄机组调频过程中出力大小的平缓过渡。最后，建立了包含变速抽水蓄能机组的MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型，验证了控制策略的有效性。结果表明，所提协调控制策略能有效弥补水泵水轮机迟缓的功率响应，补偿导叶动作引起的功率负调并提升系统频率特性，缓解风电机组并网导致的频率特性恶化问题。

关键词: 变速抽水蓄能机组, 蓄电池储能, 导叶控制, 功率负调, 协调控制

Abstract:

The grid connection of variable-speed pumped storage units can effectively improve the frequency stability of power systems with high levels of renewable energy integration. However, their frequency regulation capability is limited by the slow guide vane movement of hydraulic turbines and the phenomenon of negative power regulation. To further enhance the grid frequency regulation capability, this study addresses the frequency deterioration caused by the restricted adjustment rate of the guide vanes in the variable-speed pumped storage units and the initial negative power regulation during vane operation. Leveraging the fast response of battery energy storage systems, we propose a hybrid energy storage frequency regulation control strategy that coordinates battery energy storage systems with variable-speed pumped storage units. First, a dynamic frequency response model incorporating variable-speed pumped storage units is developed to reveal the influence of the guide vane regulation speed and negative power regulation on frequency characteristics. Subsequently, an adaptive method for setting the frequency regulation coefficients of battery energy storage based on the guide vane opening is introduced. By defining a guide vane operation coefficient, this method links the battery energy storage frequency regulation coefficient to the guide vane opening, enabling the adaptive adjustment of the battery power output according to the degree of vane opening. This ensures a smooth transition of power contributions between the battery energy storage systems and variable-speed pumped storage units during frequency regulation. Finally, a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model, including variable-speed pumped storage units, is developed to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively compensates for the low power response of hydraulic turbines, mitigates the negative power regulation caused by guide vane movements, improves the system frequency characteristics, and alleviates the frequency deterioration caused by the integration of renewable energy.

Key words: variable-speed pumped storage units, battery energy storage, guide vane control, power undershoot, coordinated control

中图分类号:

TM 612

李世春, 谢佳宏, 刘浩斌, 衷传州, 汤鑫洋, 王秋杰. 基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(11): 4277-4288.

Shicun LI, Jiahong XIE, Haobin LIU, Chuanzhou ZHONG, Xinyang TANG, Qiujie WANG. Frequency regulation cooperative control strategy of power grid based on hybrid energy storage of storage battery and variable speed pumped storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(11): 4277-4288.

图/表 13

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模块	参数名称	参数取值
同步机	额定功率S_G	400 MW
	额定电压U_G	20 kV
	惯性常数H	6.5 s
	调差系数R_p	0.05
	控制增益K_p	2.5

风力发电机	单台额定功率S_WF	1.5 MW
	额定电压U_WF	575 V
	风电场W1风机台数	50台
	风电场W2风机台数	50台

蓄电池储能	额定容量S_bess	1 MWh
	额定功率	5 MW
	额定电压	730 V

变速抽水蓄能机组	额定功率S_v	150 MW
	额定电压U_v	15 kV
	水锤惯性时间常数T_w	0.5
	接力器时间常数T_y	0.2
	调速器比例系数K_p	2.2
	调速器积分系数K_i	0.4
	调速器微分系数K_d	0.45

渗透率	控制策略	频率最低点/Hz	频率稳态点/Hz
10%	本研究控制	49.82	49.91
	传统控制	49.80	49.88
	无控制	49.77	49.87

20%	本研究控制	49.65	49.79
	传统控制	49.59	49.76
	无控制	49.57	49.73

30%	本研究控制	49.37	49.60
	传统控制	49.21	49.56
	无控制	49.26	49.51

基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略

Frequency regulation cooperative control strategy of power grid based on hybrid energy storage of storage battery and variable speed pumped storage

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