基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0475

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

变速抽水蓄能机组并网能有效改善高比例新能源电力系统的频率稳定性，但其调频能力因水泵水轮机导叶动作迟缓和功率负调现象的存在而受到一定制约。为了进一步提升电网调频能力，针对变速抽水蓄能机组导叶调节速率受限和导叶动作初期功率负调引起的频率恶化问题，考虑到蓄电池储能的快速响应能力，提出一种蓄电池储能协同变速抽水蓄能机组的混合储能调频控制策略。首先，构建了包含变速抽蓄机组在内的动态频率响应模型，揭示了导叶调节速率和功率负调对频率特性的影响机理。然后，设计了基于导叶开度的蓄电池调频系数自适应设置方法，通过定义导叶动作系数，建立蓄电池储能调频系数与导叶开度的联系，使蓄电池储能调频出力根据导叶开启程度自适应调节，实现蓄电池储能与变速抽蓄机组调频过程中出力大小的平缓过渡。最后，建立了包含变速抽水蓄能机组的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型，验证了控制策略的有效性。结果表明，所提协调控制策略能有效地弥补水泵水轮机迟缓的功率响应，补偿导叶动作引起的功率负调并提升系统频率特性，缓解风电机组并网导致的频率特性恶化问题。

关键词: 变速抽水蓄能机组, 蓄电池储能, 导叶控制, 功率负调, 协调控制

Abstract:

The grid connection of variable-speed pumped storage units can effectively improve the frequency stability of power systems with high-proportion renewable energy integration. However, their frequency regulation capability is constrained by the slow guide vane movement of hydraulic turbines and the power negative regulation phenomenon. To further enhance grid frequency regulation capacity, this study addresses the frequency deterioration caused by the limited guide vane adjustment rate of variable-speed pumped storage units and the initial power negative regulation during vane operation. Leveraging the rapid response capability of battery energy storage systems, a hybrid energy storage frequency regulation control strategy coordinating battery energy storage systems with variable-speed pumped storage units is proposed. First, a dynamic frequency response model incorporating variable-speed pumped storage units is established, elucidating the influence mechanisms of guide vane regulation speed and power negative regulation on frequency characteristics. Subsequently, an adaptive battery energy storage frequency regulation coefficient setting method based on guide vane opening is designed. By defining a guide vane operation coefficient, this method links the battery energy storage frequency regulation coefficient to the guide vane opening, enabling adaptive adjustment of the battery energy storage power output according to the degree of vane opening. This achieves a smooth transition in power contributions between battery energy storage systems and variable-speed pumped storage units during frequency regulation. Finally, a Matlab/Simulink simulation model including variable-speed pumped storage units is developed to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy. Results indicate that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively compensates for the sluggish power response of hydraulic turbines, mitigates power negative regulation induced by guide vane movements, enhances system frequency characteristics, and alleviates frequency deterioration caused by wind turbine units integration.

Key words: variable-speed pumped storage units, battery energy storage, guide vane control, power undershoot, coordinated control

中图分类号:

TM612

李世春, 谢佳宏, 刘浩斌, 衷传州, 汤鑫洋, 王秋杰. 基于蓄电池与变速抽水蓄能混合储能的电网调频协同控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0475.

Shicun LI, Jiahong XIE, Haobin LIU, Chuanzhou ZHONG, Xinyang TANG, Qiujie WANG. Frequency regulation cooperative control strategy of power grid based on hybrid energy storage of storage battery and variable speed pumped storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0475.

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	参数名称	参数取值
同步机	额定功率S_G	400MW
	额定电压U_G	20kV
	惯性常数H	6.5s
	调差系数R_p	0.05
	控制增益K_p	2.5
风力发电机	单台额定功率S_WF	1.5MW
	额定电压U_WF	575V
	风电场W1风机台数	50台
	风电场W2风机台数	50台
蓄电池储能	额定容量S_bess	1MW·h
	额定功率	5MW
	额定电压	730V
变速抽水蓄能机组	额定功率S_v	150MW
	额定电压U_v	15kV
	水锤惯性时间常数T_w	0.5
	接力器时间常数T_y	0.2
	调速器比例系数K_p	2.2
	调速器积分系数K_i	0.4
	调速器微分系数K_d	0.45

渗透率	控制策略	频率最低点/Hz	频率稳态点/Hz
渗透率10%	本文控制	49.82	49.91
	传统控制	49.80	49.88
	无控制	49.77	49.87
渗透率20%	本文控制	49.65	49.79
	传统控制	49.59	49.76
	无控制	49.57	49.73
渗透率30%	本文控制	49.37	49.60
	传统控制	49.21	49.56
	无控制	49.26	49.51