Study on self-discharge detection method of lithium-ion capacitors

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0395

Abstract

Abstract:

Self-discharge is a vital function of lithium-ion capacitors. Based on electrochemical theory and practical application, we study the voltage-holding capacity (K value) of lithium-ion capacitors at 3.8 V and 3 V, the results show that the K value range of lithium ion capacitor is 0.0037～0.0102 V/day at 3.8 V and -0.0003～0.0007 V/day at 3 V. The K value at 3.8 V can be used to detect the self-discharge performance of the cells more efficiency. For the purpose of improve the self-discharge detecting efficiency, and propose a method for detecting the self-discharge performance of lithium-ion capacitors (leakage capacity method) for the first time, verified by experiments. when testing the self-discharge performance of lithium-ion capacitors, the voltage holding capacity method usually needs dozens of hours, while the leakage capacity method can complete the detection within 1 hour, and its self-discharge detection efficiency is higher. The leakage capacity method can quickly and accurately detect and judge the self-discharge performance of lithium-ion capacitors.

Key words: lithium-ion capacitors, self-discharge, detection method

CLC Number:

TM 911

Yuhe YUAN, liang LIU, Hongtao ZHANG, Qizheng YI, Yongpeng ZHANG, Yanzhe GUO, Wenchang YUAN, Xichao LI. Study on self-discharge detection method of lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 690-696.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 6

References 15

1	RICKETTS B W, TON-THAT C. Self-discharge of carbon-based supercapacitors with organic electrolytes[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2000, 89(1): 64-69.
2	杨增武, 苗萌, 贺狄龙. 锂离子电池自放电行为研究概述[J]. 电源技术, 2016, 40(6): 1309-1311.
	YANG Z W, MIAO M, HE D L. Progress of self-discharge behavior of lithium-ion battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 40(6): 1309-1311.
3	许涛, 李干, 胡家佳. 磷酸铁锂锂离子电池模组过放电失效分析[J]. 电池, 2017, 47(4): 226-229.
	XU T, LI G, HU J J. Over-discharge failure analysis of lithium iron phosphate Li-ion battery module[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2017, 47(4): 226-229.
4	陈雪龙, 张希, 许传华, 等. 大容量动力型超级电容器存储性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 198-201.
	CHEN X L, ZHANG X, XU C H, et al. Storage performance of large-capacitance power supercapacitor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 198-201.
5	ZHANG S S. Dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors: Principle, materials, and technologies[J]. Batteries & Supercaps, 2020, 3(11): 1137-1146.
6	PANJA T, AJURIA J, DÍEZ N, et al. Fabrication of high-performance dual carbon Li-ion hybrid capacitor: Mass balancing approach to improve the energy-power density and cycle life[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10: doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67216-x.
7	ZOU K Y, CAI P, CAO X Y, et al. Carbon materials for high-performance lithium-ion capacitor[J]. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2020, 21: 31-39.
8	侯燕铃. 锂离子电池自放电特性快速检测与实验研究[D]. 广州: 广东工业大学, 2019.
	HOU Y L. Rapid detection and experimental study of self-discharge characteristics of lithium ion batteries[D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2019.
9	中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 车用超级电容器: QC/T 741—2014[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2015.
	Ministry of Industry and Information of the People's Republic of China. Ultra-capacitor for electric vehicles: QC/T 741—2014[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2015.
10	SAI Global. Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment-Part 1:Generic specification: JIS C 5160-1:2009[S]. Japan: Japanese Standards Association, 2009.
11	GROLLEAU S, DELAILLE A, GUALOUS H, et al. Calendar aging of commercial graphite/LiFePO₄ cell-Predicting capacity fade under time dependent storage conditions[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 255: 450-458.
12	张伟, 张莹, 刘开宇. 活性炭超级电容器自放电的研究[J]. 电池工业, 2008, 13(5): 331-334.
	ZHANG W, ZHANG Y, LIU K Y. Research on self-discharge performance of activated carbon supercapacitor[J]. Chinese Battery Industry, 2008, 13(5): 331-334.
13	SUN X Z, AN Y B, GENG L B, et al. Leakage Current and self-discharge in lithium-ion capacitor[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2019, 850: doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113386.
14	查全性. 电极过程动力学导论[M]. 第3版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.
	ZHA Q X. Introduction to electrode process dynamics[M]. 3^rd ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2002.
15	李忠学, 陈伟, 陈杰, 等. 牵引型碳基超级电容自放电机理[J]. 电池, 2004, 34(5): 313-315.
	LI Z X, CHEN W, CHEN J, et al. Diffusion mechanism of self-discharge of carbon-based tractive supercapacitors[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2004, 34(5): 313-315.

单体序号	K值/(V/d)	单体序号	K值/(V/d)	单体序号	K值/(V/d)	单体序号	K值/(V/d)
3.8 V-1	0.0102	3.8 V-5	0.0078	3 V-1	0.0007	3 V-6	-0.0003
3.8 V-2	0.0058	3.8 V-6	0.0039	3 V-2	0.0032	3 V-7	-0.0003
3.8 V-3	0.0068	3.8 V-7	0.0039	3 V-3	0.0007	3 V-8	-0.0004
3.8 V-4	0.0070	3.8 V-8	0.0037	3 V-4	-0.0003	3 V-9	-0.0003

序号	T_CC/s	Q_CC/A·h	序号	T_CC/s	Q_CC/A·h	序号	T_CC/s	Q_CC/A·h	序号	T_CC/s	Q_CC/A·h
X-1	170.0	0.027	Y-1	291.0	0.087	A-1	63.0	0.005	B-1	66.9	0.008
X-2	160.0	0.023	Y-2	261.0	0.082	A-2	67.1	0.005	B-2	65.6	0.007
X-3	230.0	0.022	Y-3	429.0	0.097	A-3	80.2	0.005	B-3	58.3	0.009
X-4	220.0	0.024	Y-4	357.0	0.089	A-4	67.2	0.004	B-4	100.4	0.007
X-5	190.0	0.021	Y-5	363.0	0.090	A-5	63.8	0.005	B-5	58.1	0.011
X-6	200.0	0.025	Y-6	984.0	0.120	A-6	63.4	0.005	B-6	98.2	0.010
X-7	200.0	0.024	Y-7	1335.0	0.103	A-7	67.3	0.002	B-7	109.0	0.013
X-8	300.0	0.020	Y-8	888.0	0.102	A-8	65.6	0.005	B-8	91.3	0.010

[1]	Yuzuo WANG, Yinli LU, Miao DENG, Bin YANG, Xuewen YU, Ge JIN, Dianbo RUAN. Research progress of self-discharge in supercapacitors [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2114-2125.
[2]	Guangyu CHENG, Xinwei LIU, Yueni MEI, Honghui GU, Cheng YANG, Ke WANG. Capacity fading analysis of lithium-ion battery after high temperature storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1339-1349.
[3]	Xuelong CHEN, Xi ZHANG, Chuanhua XU, Xuewen YU, Dianbo RUAN, Zhijun QIAO, Jun WANG, Chaoyang WANG. Storage performance of large-capacitance power supercapacitor [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 198-201.
[4]	LIU Tengyu, ZHANG Xiong, AN Yabin, LI Chen, MA Yanwei. Research progress on the application of graphene for lithium-ion capacitors [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 1030-1043.
[5]	CHENG Guangyu, LIU Xinwei, GU Honghui, GAO Lei, WANG Ke. Effect of pre-lithiation on storage life of lithium-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 626-632.
[6]	ZHAO Xingru, AN Qi, MA Xiangdong, LIU Jin, WU Zhiyong, LIU Wenjie, ZHANG Xiong. Research progress of metal oxides as anode materials for lithium ion capacitors [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(4): 555-564.
[7]	CHENG Bingbing, PAN Yi, ZHENG Yi, XIE Kai, ZHENG Chunman. The effect of electrolyte additives in improving the self-discharge performance of Li-ion battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2015, 4(3): 295-299.