Fig. 1

The first discharge curves after storage"

Fig. 2

Differential voltage curves of the first discharges after storage"

Fig. 3

The recovery capacity curves of the two batteries at 0.05 C and 0.5 C"

Fig. 4

Differential voltage curves of the two batteries after different temperatures storage"

Fig. 5

Charge and discharge curves of the coin cells made of electrodes disassembled from the two batteries"

Fig. 6

Effect of a shift in the electrode balancing on differential capacity curves"

Fig. 7

Discharge and differential capacity curves of the battery without prelithiation that stored at 70 ℃ for 5 months"

Fig. 8

EIS curves and equivalent circuit model of the two batteries after storage"

Table 1

Fitted equivalent circuit parameters from EIS analysis of batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 9

EIS curves of cathode and anode coin cells for batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 10

SEM images of the surface and cross-section of cathodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 11

SEM images of the surface and cross-section of anodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 12

The distribution of oxygen element in the anodes of the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Table 2

Element content detected by EDS"

Table 3

Lattice parameters of anodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 13

XRD patterns of anodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Fig. 14

XRD patterns of cathodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Table 4

Lattice parameters of cathodes for the batteries stored at different temperatures"

Table 5

ICP test results of cathodes and anodes of the two batteries"

Fig. 15

Heat flow changes with temperature of different anodes"

Fig. 16

Decomposition reactions of lithium-ion batteries in different temperature ranges[16]"