Simulation and analysis of pumped thermal electricity storage system based on phase change energy storage medium

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0296

Abstract

Abstract:

Pumped thermal electricity storage technology has the benefits of low cost, no geographical limitations, and high energy storage density. It is a promising new large-scale electricity storage technology. Typically having drawbacks including excessive system volume, low energy storage density, and low efficiency, most conventional pumped thermal electricity storage systems employ air as the working fluid and stone as the energy storage medium. A pumped thermal electricity storage system, employing argon as the working fluid and PCMs as the energy storage medium instead of sensible heat material, is proposed to enhance the practicability of this technology. A transient numerical model of a 10 MW/5 h Brayton cycle-based pumped thermal storage system is established. With the system's economics being simultaneously examined, the impacts of compression/expansion ratio, porosity, and isentropic efficiency on the system round-trip efficiency, energy storage density, and power density are simulated and examined to compare with the conventional system. Where this study has a guiding value for the thermodynamic and economic analysis of the Brayton cycle-based pumped thermal electricity storage system, its findings demonstrate that the energy storage density of the energy storage system reaches 182.5 kWh/m³, which is 118.5% higher than that of sensible heat materials, the round-trip efficiency reaches 63.1%, and the power density reaches 175.8 kW/m³. The energy storage cost per unit of the system is approximately 768 CNY/kWh, which is 12% cheaper than the conventional system.

Key words: pumped thermal electricity storage, phase change energy storage, thermodynamic analysis, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TK 02

Li SHENG, Xinjie XUE, Yanjun BO, Changying ZHAO. Simulation and analysis of pumped thermal electricity storage system based on phase change energy storage medium[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3649-3657.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Geometrical parameters and material thermophysical properties of 10 MW/5 h PTES"

参数	储热罐	储冷罐
高度H/m	6	6
储能罐直径D/m	4.50	3.20
体积V/m³	95.4	48.3
孔隙率ε	0.6	0.6
入口温度T_{f, in}/℃	477.8	-154.8
初始条件T_{f, out}/℃	25	25
相变胶囊直径d/cm	10	10
胶囊壁厚δ/mm	5	5
质量流量 $m ˙$ /(kg/s)	15	15
压缩比β	10	10
等熵效率η	0.92	0.92
充放电时间t/h	5	5
相变温度T_m/℃	307	-49.5
相变潜热L/(kJ/kg)	172	160
密度 $ρ$ /(kg/m³)	2260	1470
导热系数λ/[W/(m·K)]	0.5	1.09
比热容c_p /[kJ/(kg·K)]	1.10	1.4

Table 1

Table 2

Related parameters in validated model"

参数	单位	数值
入口温度T_in	K	823
环境温度T_inf	K	293
体积流率G	kg/(m²·s)	0.225
质量流量 $m ˙$	kg/s	0.004
高度H	m	1.2
直径D	m	0.148
孔隙率 $ε$	—	0.4
填充材料直径d	m	0.02
密度ρ_s	kg/m³	2680
比热容c_s	J/(kg·K)	1068
热导率 $λ s$	W/(m·K)	2.5

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Table 3

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系统	单位储能容量成本/(CNY/kWh)	单位系统功率成本/(CNY/kW)
抽水蓄能	35～660	3900～13200
压缩空气储能	9～350	2650～5300
飞轮储能	6200～35400	1700～2300
铅酸电池	1300～2650	1700～3600
锂离子电池	3500～15900	8000～26500
方法一
热泵储电系统(潜热)	768～792	3846～4000
热泵储电系统(显热)	871～900	4321～4496
方法二
热泵储电系统(潜热)	1602～1681	8246～8475
热泵储电系统(显热)	1725～1760	8626～8801

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