A control strategy of flywheel energy storage system participating frequency regulation with pumped storage

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0422

Abstract

Abstract:

As the permeability of renewable energy power generation increases year by year, its inherent randomness and volatility brought challenges to the frequency security of power systems. This paper proposes a hybrid energy storage scheme with pumped storage and flywheel energy storage system(FESS) to improve the frequency regulation capacity of the regional system. Based on the state of charge(SOC) and the area control error(ACE), the paper designs a grey-fuzzy-correction control which contains two fuzzy controller and a grey prediction to correct the energy distribution of the FESS and the pumped storage. Therefore, the FESS and the pumped storage can participate in the frequency regulation in a coordinated way. In the flywheel energy storage control module, the SOC signal is divided into different intervals and using Sigmoid and Logistic regression model the paper constructs the charge and discharge constraints of FESS and the self-recovery mode on the basis of real-time state perception and comprehensive evaluation to ensure that the flywheel runs healthily and efficiently. In MATLAB/Simulink, a two-region load frequency control model is constructed and the effects of the system and the output power situations of frequency-modulation resources with or without hybrid energy storage system and control strategy in the case of step and continuous disturbance are analyzed. As far as the frequency regulation effect is concerned, the simulation results show that, compared with the separate frequency modulation of conventional power generation in scheme 1, the effects of frequency regulation can be enhanced because of the quick response capability of hybrid energy storage system. The frequency regulation effect of the scheme proposed in this article is only slightly inferior to that of scheme 3, which has no power and capacity limitations for the flywheel energy storage. Focusing on the state of the flywheel energy storage, the simulation results show that the SOC of the flywheel in the proposed scheme has the best maintenance effect, and in scheme 2, it approaches to the maximum value many times, while the SOC of flywheel in scheme 3 even exceeds the allowable range. Moreover, the proposed scheme improves the frequency regulation participation of pumped storage and liberates conventional power generation from frequency regulation compared with the comparison schemes.Comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed scheme and strategy have advantages in improving the system frequency regulation ability, reducing frequency regulation engagement for conventional energy sources, improving the utilization rate of the hybrid energy storage system and improving the maintenance effect of the flywheel SOC.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, hybrid energy storage, residual modified GM(1,1), frequency regulation, fuzzy control, state of charge

CLC Number:

TM 712

Hao QIN, Lijun QIN, Xuechen BAI, Cong LI. A control strategy of flywheel energy storage system participating frequency regulation with pumped storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3915-3925.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 1

Fig. 7

Table 2

Fuzzy rule of K2"

SOC	$D e t A C E f$
SOC	NB	NM	NS	ZO	PS	PM	PB
NB	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NM	NB
NM	PM	PM	PM	ZO	NS	NM	NB
NS	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
ZO	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
PS	PB	PB	PB	PS	NS	NM	NB
PM	PM	PM	PM	ZO	NS	NM	NB
PB	PS	PS	PS	ZO	NS	NM	NB

Table 2

Fig. 8

Table 3

Evaluation result of step load disturbance"

方案	$Δ f m$	$Δ f r m s$	$G S$	$G F E S S$	$G P$	$S O C r m s$
方案1	-0.0600	0.0202	0.0112
方案2	-0.0230	0.0051	0.0085	0.0195	0.0116	0.2398
方案3	-0.0192	0.0036	0.0066	0.0132	0.0114	0.4157
本工作方案	-0.0182	0.0035	0.0072	0.0199	0.0129	0.2238

Table 3

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Table 4

Evaluation result of random load disturbance"

方案	$Δ f m$	$Δ f r m s$	$G S$	$G F E S S$	$G P$	$S O C r m s$
方案1	-0.2026	0.0656	0.1564
方案2	-0.1405	0.0548	0.1488	1.4963	0.2807	0.2693
方案3	-0.0884	0.0332	0.1394	1.6359	0.2229	0.3321
本工作方案	0.1220	0.0412	0.1409	2.0469	0.6864	0.1517

Table 4

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