Thermal simulation analysis and optimal design for the influence of altitude on the forced air cooling system for energy storage lithium-ion battery pack

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0365

Abstract

Abstract:

The environmental adaptability of energy storage equipment is severely hampered by high altitude and harsh natural circumstances. Lithium battery packs, as the core of energy storage equipment,require stringent thermal management due to high-temperature rise and temperature differences caused by large amounts of heat generation during operation. It is obvious that changes in altitude directly influence the thermal characteristics of the lithium battery pack. In evaluating the thermal characteristics of the energy storage lithium-ion battery under different altitude conditions by adopting a forced air cooling system, this research elucidated the specific effects of altitude on the battery system parameters, investigated the influence of altitude (0—4000 m) on the temperature characteristics of the battery, and then proposed an optimum scheme for the heat-dissipating structures at high altitude condition. The results showed that a change in altitude influences the thermal characteristics of the forced air cooling system by altering air parameters and fan characteristics. The temperature rise and difference of cells increase in varying degrees with altitude, and the rate of temperature increaseis relatively high after 1000 m. Under high altitude conditions, optimization of increasing the inlet area and fan speed decreases the temperature rise and difference for the system battery. This researchprovides detailed temperature regular and optimization references for future engineering applications of energy storage battery systems under high altitude conditions.

Key words: energy storage lithium-ions battery, thermal characteristics, altitude, optimal design

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yuefeng LI, Yintao Wei, Xianzhou PENG, Feng XIANG, Hangfeng WANG, Yong SUN, Weipan XU, Wenqiang HUANG. Thermal simulation analysis and optimal design for the influence of altitude on the forced air cooling system for energy storage lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(9): 2954-2961.

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海拔/m	空气密度/(kg/m³)	大气压强/kPa	动力黏度/[kg/(m·s)]
0	1.1850	101.3	1.84×10^-5
500	1.1383	95.2	1.82×10^-5
1000	1.0919	89.4	1.81×10^-5
1500	1.0459	84.0	1.79×10^-5
2000	0.9998	78.9	1.77×10^-5
2500	0.9543	72.8	1.76×10^-5
3000	0.9095	67.2	1.74×10^-5
3500	0.8648	61.6	1.72×10^-5
4000	0.8023	56.0	1.70×10^-5

边界位置	边界条件	具体值
矩形进风口	速度入口	速度/(m/s)：5 温度/℃：25
出风口	压力出口	—
风扇进口	内部域	—
风扇出口	风扇条件	P-v曲线
电芯	固体域	5251 W/m³

电芯比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	质量/kg	电芯各方向	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]
1000	5.43	宽度X	15
		厚度Y	6.4
		高度Z	9.2

参数	#1	#2	#3
网格总数/万	715	1024	1417
电芯均温/℃	28.6	31.7	31.9

项目	实验数据	仿真数据	差值
最高温升/℃	7.1	8.3	-1.2
最大温差/℃	1.5	2.3	-0.8