Research progress on surge analysis and anti-surge of turbo-compressor

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0590

Abstract

Abstract:

The performance of turbine compressors plays a crucial role in the overall efficiency of large-scale compressed gas energy storage systems. Surge, an inherent characteristic of turbo-compressors, cannot be eliminated but can be suppressed, significantly affecting the operational efficiency, safety, and stability of compressors. Thus, anti-surge technology is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of turbo-compressors, particularly in compressed gas energy storage systems, where compressors frequently start and stop. This study reviews recent developments in turbo-compressor anti-surge technologies, focusing on four key areas: First, it discusses the physical characteristics of turbo-compressor surge, including the mechanism behind surge generation, identification techniques, and flow field characteristics when a surge occurs. Second, it provides an overview of the progress in three anti-surge control approaches and their respective advantages and disadvantages, including passive control to prevent surge by limiting the compressor inlet flow, active control to prevent surge by changing the compressor performance, and active/passive control that combines active control and passive control. Third, it examines compressor surge detection technologies based on signal analysis and processing. Finally, it explores future trends in turbo-compressor anti-surge technologies. A comprehensive analysis indicates that a combination of an in-depth understanding of surge characteristics, a well-designed anti-surge control strategy, and advanced surge detection technologies can effectively suppress compressor surges.

Key words: compressed gas energy storage, turbo-compressor, surge, flow field analysis, control strategy

CLC Number:

TK 14

Yifan ZHANG, Jie LIU, Ya'nan LI, Jiahao HAO, Yunkai YUE, Junling YANG, Zhentao ZHANG. Research progress on surge analysis and anti-surge of turbo-compressor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 269-282.

Figures/Tables 13

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控制类型	控制特点	优缺点
被动控制	通过限制压缩机入口最小流量，确保压缩机工作点运行在喘振线右侧安全区以防止喘振发生	设计和实现简单，可靠性高，响应时间短，成本低但控制精度低，反应滞后，缩小了压缩机运行范围，降低了压缩机效率
主动控制	通过改变压缩机自身性能，进而从压缩机内部对喘振现象进行抑制	控制能力精确，适应性强，能够集成先进技术和多变量控制，可以使压缩机的工作点越过原有喘振线，扩大了压缩机的运行范围，性能优化显著，但系统复杂性高，成本较高，维护要求高，实时性和计算要求高
主/被动控制	正常工况下采用主动控制进行防喘振控制，被动控制仅用于特殊或紧急情况	结合了主动控制与被动控制的优点，但只是割裂地使用二者，并没有实现二者真正的结合

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