A hybrid islanding detection method based on the Lissajous Pattern and impedance for grid-forming energy storage inverter

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1136

Abstract

Abstract:

Rapid and reliable identification of unintentional islanding is crucial for grid-forming energy storage inverters to achieve smooth transitions between grid-connected and islanding operation modes. Current islanding detection methods often fail under perfectly matched loading conditions and struggle with threshold selection. To address this, this study proposes a hybrid islanding detection method based on the V-I Lissajous pattern and impedance. This method utilizes the area and minor axis of voltage-current Lissajous plots to capture the characteristics of voltage and current. When the detected islanding detection indicators fail to meet the threshold, disturbances are injected to identify impedance. The combined Lissajous pattern-impedance identification enables the detection of minor changes in voltage and current under perfectly matched load and converter power while effectively distinguishing islanding conditions from non-islanding faults. To overcome the challenge of threshold selection for islanding detection, which is highly correlated with grid parameters, this method employs relative indicators and uses the Otsu method to determine a threshold for passive detection indicators. The proposed method is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The experimental results show that even with perfectly matched load power with the converter and a quality factor of 2.5, the proposed method effectively and reliably detects islanding phenomena.

Key words: V-I Lissajous pattern, islanding detection, impedance identification, energy storage inverter

CLC Number:

TM 46

Xi WANG, Yufei TENG, Peng SHI, Weixuan ZHANG, Baorui CHEN, Jiayu BAI, Xinwei DU, Jing GOU, Pengfei HU. A hybrid islanding detection method based on the Lissajous Pattern and impedance for grid-forming energy storage inverter[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 1299-1309.

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拟合所用模型	标准方差	R²
正态分布	0.195	0.840
威布尔分布	0.165	0.897
对数正态	0.253	0.731

拟合所用模型	标准方差	R²
正态分布	0.182	0.852
威布尔分布	0.154	0.906
对数正态	0.225	0.791

参数	数值
开关频率	2.5 kHz
额定有功功率	500 kW
储能输出直流电压	800 V
线路电压V_rms	380 V
频率	50 Hz
负荷情况	R=2.94 Ω
	L=200 μH
	C=50 mF
VSG控制参数	J=2 D=40

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