Abstract:

To meet the grid stability requirements associated with large-scale distributed new energy (DNE) integration into distribution networks, shared energy storage (SES) offers an effective solution for mitigating uncertainty and minimizing deviation penalty costs. However, the multifaceted contributions of DNEs—both economic and operational—when jointly utilizing SES remain insufficiently characterized, and current revenue allocation mechanisms lack fairness and rationality. This study proposes a contribution-based revenue allocation strategy for a cooperative alliance of DNEs and SES. A cooperative model is developed wherein multiple DNE participants co-deploy and share energy storage resources. An optimization-based scheduling model is established to maximize the alliance's net revenue by accounting for electricity sales, operating expenses, and deviation penalties, with opportunity constraints introduced to reflect renewable energy uncertainty. Three contribution indices are formulated—stability contribution, deviation adjustment contribution, and economic contribution—to quantify each DNE's role in alliance performance. These indices are used to define a correction factor that adjusts the classical Shapley value method, resulting in an improved revenue allocation strategy. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed alliance structure reduces deviation penalties and improves net economic benefits by 6.64%. Furthermore, the revised allocation method appropriately reflects the overall contributions of individual DNEs: members with higher stability and deviation adjustment contributions experience revenue increases of 82.73%, while those with stronger economic contributions gain 8.81%. The strategy thus ensures fairness and incentivizes active participation in cooperative storage-sharing schemes.

Key words: distributed new energy, shared energy storage, contribution degree, improved Shapley value method, deviation assessment