A novel liquid energy storage system based on a carbon dioxide mixture

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0303

Abstract

Abstract:

Liquid carbon dioxide (CO₂) energy storage (LCES) is an effective method for expanding the scale of renewable energy utilization and ensuring the stable use of renewable energy. To solve the problem related to the effective condensation of subcritical CO₂ in an LCES system, a novel liquid energy storage system (LMES), based on a CO₂ mixture, is proposed in this paper. Two organic working mediums, R32 and R161, were selected to mix with CO₂. By establishing the thermodynamic model of the system, the effects of five key parameters on the system's performance were studied, i.e., the mass fraction of the organic working medium, compressor pressure ratio, pump pressure ratio, cooling temperature (T₆), and ambient temperature. The results showed that the mixing of an organic working medium and CO₂ could significantly increase the critical temperature of the working medium and solve the problem of CO₂ condensation in an LCES system. In a system with the CO₂/R32 mixture as a working medium, the increase in the organic working medium mass fraction slightly reduced the round-trip efficiency and energy density of the system, but it effectively reduced the working pressure of the system. The energy density of the system could be increased by increasing the compressor pressure ratio, thus increasing the cooling temperature and decreasing the ambient temperature. In the system that employed both mixtures, an optimal cooling temperature existed to maximize the system's round-trip efficiency. When the CO₂/R32 mixture was used, the optimal cooling temperature was 42 ℃, and the round-trip efficiency of the system was 57.65%. When the CO₂/R161 mixture was used, the optimal cooling temperature was 45 ℃, and the round-trip efficiency of the system was 50.54%. The research also found that, compared with the CO₂/R161 mixture, the application of the CO₂/R32 mixture as the working medium of the energy storage system obtained a higher round-trip efficiency and energy density.

Key words: energy storage system, CO₂ mixture, condensation of subcritical CO₂, thermodynamic analysis

CLC Number:

TK 02

Xu LIU, Xuqing YANG, Zhan LIU. A novel liquid energy storage system based on a carbon dioxide mixture[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1806-1814.

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参数	数值
环境温度/K	298.15
环境压力/kPa	101.3
压缩比	5
泵比	1.3
工作流体质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	1
冷却器出口温度T₆/K	318.15
泵入口温度T₈/K	298.15
压缩机等熵效率	0.85
膨胀机等熵效率	0.88
泵等熵效率	0.7
冷却器夹点温差/K	5
加热器夹点温差/K	5
回热器夹点温差/K	5
蒸发器夹点温差/K	3
冷凝器夹点温差/K	3

物质	物理性质				安全特性		环境特性
物质	分子量	标准沸点/℃	临界温度/℃	临界压力/MPa	LEL/%	安全等级	大气寿命	ODP	GDP
CO₂	44.01	-78.4	31.1	7.38	—	A1	>50	0	1
R32	52.02	-51.7	78.1	5.78	14.1	A2L	4.9	0	675
R161	48.06	-37.6	102.2	5.09	3.8	—	0.21	0	12

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