Retired lithium battery recycling and battery-grade lithium carbonate preparation

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0099

Abstract

Abstract:

Recycling valuable metals from used ternary lithium batteries can reduce environmental pollution and alleviate problems such as resource scarcity. Herein, an advanced and simple front-end lithium extraction process provides positive and negative mixing powder from dismantling used lithium-ion batteries using a tube furnace. The tube furnace is maintained at a certain pressure and continuously fed with carbon dioxide to roast at 750 ℃ for 1 h. Then a certain amount of water is added to the roasted powder to make a slurry, continuously passing carbon dioxide gas after solid-liquid separation to obtain a lithium bicarbonate solution. Then the solution is heated and decomposed to obtain 99.5% purity of battery-grade lithium carbonate. The overall lithium leaching rate and the recovery rate can reach 99.05% and 99%, respectively, which is one of the most advanced recovery technologies and can effectively solve the problems of difficult lithium recovery, high recovery cost, and poor economic efficiency.

Key words: retired lithium battery, recycling, battery-grade lithium carbonate

CLC Number:

TM 912

Hai WANG, Yuhua BIAN, Jiadong WANG, Zhaoyang LIU, Jie ZHANG, Jian YAO, Xuanwen GAO, Zhaomeng LIU, Wenbin LUO. Retired lithium battery recycling and battery-grade lithium carbonate preparation[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1453-1460.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 3

roasted powder composition analysis"

元素	含量/%	元素	含量/%
Li	4.06	Ca	0.02
Ni	21.30	Na	0.04
Co	8.23	Mg	0.0078
Mn	11.04	Al	0.55
C	25.00	Cu	1.35
F	1.90	SiO₂	0.043
K	0.01	SO $4 2 -$	0.005
K	0.01	SO $4 2 -$	0.005

Table 3

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Table 4

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Table 5

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编号	测试项目	控制标准/ppm	产品/ppm
1	纯度	≥99.5%	99.5%
2	Al	≤10
3	Mn	≤3	0.02
4	Na	≤800	53.76
5	Fe	≤50	1.05
6	Cr	≤20	0.41
7	Ni	≤20	0.11
8	Mg	≤100	20.4
9	Ca	≤350	43.27
10	Zn	≤20	3.3
11	B	≤350	5.15
12	Cu	≤10	3.06

编号	回收工艺	锂综合回收率	文献
1	火法和湿法联用工艺	99%	本文
2	低温焦硫酸钾焙烧与盐溶液浸出复合	97.21%	[21]
3	氟化钠料液沉淀	90.31%	[22]
4	5 mol/L DL-malic acid solution with 2.0% H₂O₂	94%	[12]
5	还原热处理和酸浸结合	25%	[23]
6	碳热还原真空热解	93%	[24]
7	铝箔作为原位还原剂	93.67%	[25]

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