Key technologies for retired power battery recovery and its cascade utilization in energy storage systems

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0036

Abstract

Abstract:

The proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals has accelerated China's low-carbon energy transformation, leading to the rigorous promotion of the new energy vehicle industry. The power battery, as the core component of these vehicles, is about to face a massive retirement wave in the replacement process. However, the cascade utilization of power batteries could alleviate recycling pressure and environmental pollution while maximizing the full life cycle of the battery, which is crucial for low-carbon emissions, energy savings, and environmental protection. To further improve the green and sustainable development system of cascade utilization, this paper analyzes the current policies, standards, and application scenarios of echelon utilization. The study discusses the battery recycling mode, aging principle, detection, screening, capacity configuration, control principle, battery management system, and other technologies from the aspects of battery recycling and cascade utilization of the energy storage system. Ultimately, the paper presents the problems and challenges faced by the cascade utilization of decommissioned power batteries, and constructive suggestions are made for the breakthrough of industrial technology and the formation of an industrial system. This research could help the industrial layout of cascade utilization.

Key words: retired power battery, battery recycling, cascade utilization, energy storage

CLC Number:

TM 912

Huiqun YU, Zhehao HU, Daogang PENG, Haoyi SUN. Key technologies for retired power battery recovery and its cascade utilization in energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1675-1685.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Cascade utilization cases of some retired power batteries in China"

应用场景	实施单位	项目内容	项目规模
光储充充电站	长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司、长沙市湘行交通新能源有限公司	项目位于长沙市格林香山公交站场内，采用电动公交退役后的磷酸铁锂动力蓄电池模组进行系统集成，站内布有光伏发电、充电桩及储能系统，为长沙公交集团电动公交车提供充电保障	含梯次利用储能0.2 MW/1.1 MWh
光储充充电站	国网新昌县供电公司	项目位于十九峰景区停车场，采用退役电池和“光储充”系统相结合，配备充电站监控系统，为过往车辆和景区电车提供充电	含梯次利用储能120 kW/400 kWh
储能电站 (调峰调频)	南方电网综合能源服务公司、深圳市比克动力电池有限公司	我国首个也是全球最大规模新能源汽车动力电池梯次利用的电网侧储能电站，后续将规划探索采用变电站+储能站+光伏充电站+数据中心的方式建设运营，以此实现能源、数据的融合共享	总规模约130 MW/260 MWh，其中含梯次利用储能75 MWh
储能电站 (调峰调频)	国网江苏省电力有限公司南京供电分公司	国内首个成功落地的电池整包梯次利用储能项目。项目主要利用B品电池或电动汽车退役电池，用于工商业园区用电负荷的削峰填谷和提供电力辅助服务	含梯次利用储能2.15 MW/7.27 MWh
通信基站	杭州余杭区供电公司	增加退役动力电池与原有后备电池共同为白马坑通信站出力，为超山风景区5G信号的覆盖提供了稳定保障	电池容量共20 kWh
通信基站	中国铁塔股份有限公司	公司于各个省市的数十万基站进行梯次利用电池替换铅酸电池试验，并验证了其安全性和技术经济可行性	全国累计容量约3 GWh
环卫电动车	宇通环卫、傲蓝得环保科技、利威新能源	利用退役电池将旗下使用的环卫三轮洒水车、扫街车等低压电动车，集合锂电池组、BMS、云管理平台等功能，开发出梯次利用产品取代现有铅酸电池产品	—

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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标准号	标准名称	标准涉及内容
GB/T 33598—2017	《车用动力电池回收利用拆解规范》	拆解工作的术语和定义、总体要求、作业程序、暂存和管理要求
GB/T 34014—2017	《汽车动力蓄电池编码规则》^[11]	电池编码对象、代码结构组成及表示方法、数据载体
GB/T 34015—2017	《车用动力电池回收利用余能检测》	余能检测的术语和定义、符号、检测要求、流程及方法
GB/T 38698.1—2020	《车用动力电池回收利用管理规范第1部分：包装运输》^[12]	回收利用包装运输的术语和定义、分类、包装、运输、标志及一般要求
GB/T 34015.2—2020	《车用动力电池回收利用梯次利用第2部分：拆卸要求》^[13]	电池拆卸的术语和定义、总体要求、作业要求、暂存和管理要求
GB/T 34015.3—2021	《车用动力电池回收利用梯次利用第3部分：梯次利用要求》^[14]	梯次利用的总体要求、外观及性能要求、梯次利用产品一般要求
GB/T 34015.4—2021	《车用动力电池回收利用梯次利用第4部分：梯次利用产品标识》^[15]	梯次利用产品标识的构成、标志要求、标示位置、方式及要求

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