Preparation of three-dimensional multistage iron oxide/carbon nanofiber integrated electrode and sodium storage performance

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0176

Abstract

Abstract:

Iron oxide is an anode material for sodium-ion batteries and has a high theoretical specific capacity; however, it undergoes large volume expansion during cycling and exhibits considerable capacity decay. The in situ construction of nanostructured metal oxides on flexible carbon-based materials can be an effective means to mitigate their volume expansion. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were grown in situ on copper foam via chemical vapor deposition as a flexible conductive substrate. Furthermore, three-dimensional multistage integrated Fe₃O₄/CNF (3D Fe₃O₄/CNF) electrodes were prepared using a simple combination of salt solution impregnation and annealing and were used as the negative electrodes in sodium-ion batteries. The compositions and morphologies of the electrodes were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were characterized using constant current charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that Fe₃O₄ nanorods with a diameter of approximately 50—100 nm were uniformly dispersed on porous CNFs to construct a highly porous 3D multilevel structure. At a current density of 0.1 A/g, the integrated 3D Fe₃O₄/CNF electrode achieved a specific capacity of 893.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles, which is higher than CNF electrodes. Additionally, the integrated electrode exhibited faster sodium ion diffusion kinetics and better electrochemical reversibility than CNF electrodes. This study provides an idea and experimental basis for the study of metal oxide/carbon-based composite electrodes.

Key words: carbon nanofibers, Fe₃O₄, three-dimensional multi-level structure, sodium-ion battery anode

CLC Number:

TQ 152

Junpeng GUO, Qi SUN, Yuefang CHEN, Yuwen ZHAO, Huan YANG, Zhijia ZHANG. Preparation of three-dimensional multistage iron oxide/carbon nanofiber integrated electrode and sodium storage performance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(5): 1469-1479.

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序号	电极材料	测试电流密度/(A/g)	质量比容量/(mAh/g)	参考文献
1	Fe₂O₃@C	0.2	203	[25]
2	FeO _x /CNF	0.5	277	[26]
3	R-Fe₃O₄@C	0.1	365.1	[27]
4	Fe₃O₄@CNT	0.1	377	[21]
5	MFe₂O₃@N-HCNs	0.1	417	[28]
6	Fe₂O₃@GNS	0.1	440	[29]
7	HCM-Fe₃O₄@void@N-C	0.16	545	[30]
8	Fe₃O₄@C	0.1	657	[31]
9	5-Fe₂O₃@C	0.2	740	[32]
10	Fe₂O₃@N-PCNFs	0.2	806	[33]

样品	R_s/Ω	R_SEI/Ω	R_ct/Ω
CNFs	4.211	58.96	233.7
Fe₃O₄/CNFs	4.732	44.64	128.7

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