Virtual inertia optimization strategy for energy storage power plants considering multiple deadband

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1187

Abstract

Abstract:

Optimizing and regulating the virtual inertia of energy storage stations is an effective measure to improve the overall inertia level of the power system and maintain frequency safety, in response to the problem of insufficient inertia in high proportion power electronic new power systems. The nonlinear links generated by the deadband of synchronous units and energy storage plants have a significant impact on the frequency response characteristics of the system, thus degrading the optimization results of the virtual inertia of energy storage plants. Because the deadband range and virtual inertia of the energy storage power station are flexible and adjustable, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of virtual inertia and system frequency under the action of different energy storage deadband. In order to solve this problem, this paper first constructs a system power frequency characteristic model considering the effects of energy storage, traditional synchronous machine deadband and virtual inertia. By analyzing the dynamic time-domain response of the system frequency, the influence of virtual inertia parameters on frequency safety indicators in energy storage control was explored. Next, based on this model, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the virtual inertia and improve the frequency index of the system. Finally, through sim-ulation verification, the virtual inertia optimization strategy considering multiple deadband has higher reliability and accuracy, can effectively reduce the maximum frequency deviation of the system, and thus enhance the frequency security of the system.

Key words: Energy Storage power station, deadband, Virtual inertia, frequency security, parameter optimization

CLC Number:

TM73

Zhiyong Hu, Zhibo Huang, Bo Wang, Yanping Wang, Lei Shi, Xiangzhen Yang. Virtual inertia optimization strategy for energy storage power plants considering multiple deadband[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1187.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Tab.1

Fig.7

Fig.8

Tab.2

Fig.9

Fig.10

Tab.3

Fig.11

Tab.4

Fig.12

References 24

1	徐潇源,王晗,严正,等. 能源转型背景下电力系统不确定性及应对方法综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021,45(16):2-13.
	XU Xiaoyuan, WANG Han, YAN Zheng, et al. Overview of power system uncertainty and its solutions under energy transition[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(16):2-13.
2	孙华东,王宝财,李文锋,等.高比例电力电子电力系统频率响应的惯量体系研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2020,40(16):5179-5191.
	SUN Huadong,WANG Baocai,LI Wenfeng,et al.Research on inertia system of frequency response for power system with high penetration electronics[J] .Proceedings of the CSEE,2020,40(16):5179-5191(in Chinese).
3	李欣然,黄际元,陈远扬,等. 大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2016, 44(7): 145-153.
	Li Xinran, Huang Jiyuan, Chen Yuanyang, et al. Review on large-scale involvement of energy storage in power grid fast frequency regulation[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(7): 145-153.
4	李更丰,孙少华,别朝红,等.面向新型电力系统弹性提升的储能优化配置与灵活调度研究综述[J].高电压技术,2023,49(10):4084-4095.
	Ll Gengfeng,SUN Shaohua,BIE Zhaohong, et al. Review on Optimal Configuration and Flexible Scheduling Research ofEnergy Storage for Resilience lmprovement of New Power System[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023,49(10): 4084-4095.
5	董玮,施志明,张晓琳,陈志磊,苏建徽.计及新能源场站调频时延的电力系统频率响应模型及应用[J/OL].中国电机工程学报. [2024-08-02]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2107.tm.20240802.1026.002.
	DONG Wei, SHI Zhiming, ZHANG Xiaolin, et al. Frequency Response Model and Application of Power System Considering the Frequency Regulation Delay of Renewable Energy Station[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE. [2024-08-02] (in Chinese)
6	邢鹏翔,侍乔明,王刚,等.风电机组虚拟惯量控制的响应特性及机理分析[J].高电压技术,2018,44(04):1302-1310.
	XING Pengxiang,SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang, et al. Response Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis About Virtual lnertia Control of Wind Generators[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018,44(04):1302-1310.
7	张波,张晓磊,贾焦心,等.基于惯量支撑和一次调频需求的VSG储能单元配置方法[J].电力系统自动化,2019,43(23):202-209.
	ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Xiaolei, JIA Jiaoxin, et al. Configuration Method for Energy Storage Unit of Virtual SynchronousGenerator Based on Requirements of lnertia Support and Primary Frequency Regulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019,43(23):202-209.
8	杨永辉,谢丽蓉,包洪印,等.储能调频控制参数自适应优化与退出机制设计[J].太阳能学报2024,45(04):338-346.
	Yang Yonghui, Xie Lirong, Bao Hongyin, et al. Adaptive optimization and exit mechanism design of frequency modulation control parameters for energy storage [J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(04):338-346.
9	梁继业,袁至,王维庆,等.基于电池储能系统的综合自适应一次调频策略[J/OL].电工技术报. [2024-07-31]https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240456
	Liang Jiye, Yuan Zhi,Wang Weiqing,et al. Comprehensive Adaptive Primary Frequency Control Strategy Based on Battery Energy Storage System[J/OL]..Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society[2024-07-31] (in Chinese).
10	付媛,万怿,张祥宇,等.储能虚拟惯量主动支撑与调频状态转移控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2024,44(07):2628-2641.
	FU Yuan,WAN Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al. Energy Storage Virtual lnertia Active Support and Frequency Modulation State Transfer Control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024,44(07):2628-2641.
11	肖家杰,李培强,毛志宇,等.考虑火电时滞特性的电池储能集群调频综合控制策略研究[J/OL].电工技术学报. [2024-02-28]. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240091
	Xiao Jiajie,Li Peiqiang,Mao Zhiyu,et al. Research on Integrated Control Strategy of Battery Energy Storage Cluster for Frequency Regulation Considering Thermal Power Time Lag Characteristic[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society[2024-02-28] (in Chinese).
12	王建波,孙冉,刘忠凯,等.面向储能辅助火电机组一次调频的深度强化学习控制策略[J].西安交通大学学报,2024,58(06):186-192.
	WANG Jianbo,SUN Ran,LIU Zhongkai,et al. Deep Reinforcement Learning Control Strategy for Primary Frequency Regulation of Energy Storage Assisted Thermal Power Units[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2024,58(06):186-192.
13	张小莲,覃世球,张仰飞,等.考虑储能荷电状态的风储联合调频控制策略[J].高电压技术,2023,49(10):4120-4130.
	ZHANG Xiaolian,QIN Shiqiu,ZHANG,et al. Yangfei Wind Turbine and Storage Joint Frequency Modulation Control Strategy Considerina Eneray Storaae State of Charae[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2023,49(10):4120-4130.
14	贺悝,谭庄熙,李欣然,等.考虑荷电状态一致性的分布式储能电站一次调频控制策略[J].高电压技术,2024,50(02):870-880.
	HE Li,TAN Zhuangxi,Ll Xinran,et al.Control Strategy of Primary Frequency Regulation for Distributed Energy Storage Stations Considering SoC Consensus[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2024,50(02):870-880.
15	张峰,游欢欢,丁磊 . 新能源一次调频死区影响机理建模及系数修正策略[J] .电力系统自动化 ,2023,47(06):158-167.
	Zhang Feng, You Huanhuan, Ding Lei. Influential Mechanism Modelling of Dead Band in Primary Frequency Regulation of Renewable Energy and Its Coefficient Correction Strategy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023,47(06):158-167.
16	马智慧,李欣然,谭庄熙,等 . 考虑储能调频死区的一次调频控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(10):2102-2115.
	MA Zhihui, LI Xinran, TAN Zhuangxi, et al. Integrated control of primary frequency regulation considering dead band of energy storage [J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(10):2102-2115.
17	张子扬,张宁,杜尔顺,等.双高电力系统频率安全问题评述及其应对措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2022,42(01):1-25.
	ZHANG Ziyang,ZHANG Ning,DU Ershun, et al.Review and Countermeasures on Frequency Security lssues of PowerSystems With High Shares of Renewables and Power Electronics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022,42(01):1-25.
18	李军徽,高卓,应鸿,等.基于动态下垂系数与SOC基点的储能一次调频控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2021,49(05):1-10.
	LI Junhui, GAO Zhuo1, YING Hong, et al. Primary frequency regulation control strategy of energy storage based on dynamic droop coefficient and SOC reference[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2021,49(05):1-10.
19	SUN D, LIU H, GAO S, et al. Comparison of Different Virtual Inertia Control Methods for Inverter-based Generators[J], Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2020, 8(4):768-777.
20	N. Sockeel, J. Gafford, B. Papari, et al. Virtual Inertia Emulator-Based Model Predictive Control for Grid Frequency Regulation Considering High Penetration of Inverter-Based Energy Storage System[J], IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2020, 11(4):2932-2939.
21	李军徽,侯涛,穆钢,等.基于权重因子和荷电状态恢复的储能系统参与一次调频策略[J].电力系统自动化,2020,44(19):63-72.
	LI Junhui,HOU Tao,MU Gang,et al. Primary Frequency Regulation Strategy with Energy Storage System Based on Weight Factors and State of Charge Recovery[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020,44(19):63-72.
22	国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会. 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则:GB/T 40595—2021[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2021.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Guide for technology and test on primary frequency control of grid-connected power resource: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2021.
23	ANDERSON P M,MIRHEYDAR M.A low-order system frequency response model[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1990,5(3):720-729.
24	李东东,陈治廷,徐波,等.考虑一次调频死区的风储协同调频机理分析及死区参数优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2024,52(04):38-47.
	LI Dongdong, CHEN Zhiting, XU Bo, et al. Mechanism analysis and optimal dead zone parameter of wind-storage combined frequency regulation considering primary frequency regulation dead zone[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024,52(04):38-47.

储能电站	方案一	方案二
储能聚合惯量	4.29	4.19
储能电站1	3.94	4.11
储能电站2	4.52	4.23
储能电站3	4.27	4.19

储能电站	方案一	方案二
储能聚合惯量	3.81	3.75
储能电站1	3.44	3.41
储能电站2	3.94	3.88
储能电站3	3.87	3.81

储能电站	0.03	0.035	0.04	0.045	0.05
储能聚合惯量	4.16	4.24	4.32	4.40	4.60
储能电站1	3.96	4.03	4.08	4.13	4.31
储能电站2	4.23	4.42	4.52	4.61	4.70
储能电站3	4.19	4.19	4.27	4.34	4.66

储能电站	工况一	工况二
储能聚合惯量	4.16	4.39	4.60
储能电站1	3.96	4.18	4.31
储能电站2	4.23	4.57	4.70
储能电站3	4.19	4.33	4.66

[1]	Lijun XU, Lihong XU, Fangyuxuan SONG. System fault monitoring and diagnostic analysis of electrochemical energy storage power stations [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(8): 2788-2790.
[2]	Yaxin ZHANG, Quan ZHANG, Xujing LOU, Hao ZHOU, Zhiwen CHEN, Gang LONG. Study on the temperature control effect of a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system in a container energy storage power station [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1921-1928.
[3]	Junli GUO. Legal governance measures for fire safety of electrochemical energy storage power stations [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1744-1747.
[4]	Zhige TAO, Shunbing ZHU, Shuangping HOU, Ke LI, He WANG. Comprehensive research on fire and safety protection technology for lithium battery energy storage power stations [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 536-545.
[5]	Yang DING, Hanwen WANG, Wenjie LU, Yuanjun LUO, Xiang LING. Characteristics and optimization study of an adiabatic Ca-looping Carnot battery system based on pumped thermal electricity storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4247-4258.
[6]	Chao WU, Luoya WANG, Zijie YUAN, Changlong MA, Jilei YE, Yuping WU, Lili LIU. Research progress in liquid cooling and heat dissipation technologies for electrochemical energy storage systems [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3596-3612.
[7]	Xin GAO, Ruogu WANG, Wenjing GAO, Zejun DENG, Ruiqi LIANG, Kun YANG. Consistency evaluation method of battery pack in energy storage power station based on running data [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(9): 2937-2945.
[8]	Hongxin WU, Aikui LI, Cun DONG, Shumin SUN, Guanglei LI, Shibo WANG. Control strategy for wind power fluctuation stabilization with energy storage and frequency modulation reserve [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(4): 1194-1203.
[9]	Yong XIAO, Jun XU. Risk assessment of battery safe operation in energy storage power station based on combination weighting and TOPSIS [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2574-2584.
[10]	Kangyong YIN, Fengbo TAO, Wei LIANG, Zhiyuan NIU. Simulation of thermal runaway gas explosion in double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2488-2496.
[11]	Shangyu ZHAO, Zhen ZHANG, Baoyuan WANG, Quhu ZENG. An engineering method for detection of problems of lithium iron phosphate batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 643-651.
[12]	Kai FENG, Jiali LIN, Hui LI, Lian LIAN. Commercial investment value analysis of independent energy storage power station in Hunan Province [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 4077-4083.
[13]	Lina WANG, Liping TAN, Zhiqiang XU, Xin TAN, Changlong WU, Hui YE, Aikui LI. Lithium battery energy storage power station primary frequency modulation design optimization and verification [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3862-3871.
[14]	YAN Hongli, JING Zhiliang, LU Zuowei, WANG Yuqi, WU Zhen. Study on coupling characteristics of PEMFC power generation system using chemisorption as solid-state hydrogen storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 152-161.