Abstract:

Supercapacitors are modern physical energy storage devices with advantages such as high power and long lifespan. However, during its charging and discharging process, excessive heat may be generated due to internal resistance issues, leading to a significant increase in its own temperature and affecting its lifespan and performance. This article discusses in detail the working mechanism of supercapacitors, including their structural characteristics, application features, and heat generation mechanism. Through thermal energy analysis, the temperature distribution, heating rate, and thermal stress of supercapacitors during charging and discharging processes were evaluated. Furthermore, this article introduces the method of using MATLAB or Simulink environment for virtual simulation analysis, including establishing equivalent circuit models, parameter settings, and simulation result analysis. The simulation results indicate that the temperature of supercapacitors changes significantly during charge and discharge cycles, and effective thermal management measures need to be taken to control the temperature. This study provides a new perspective and method for thermal energy management and performance optimization of supercapacitors.

Key words: discharge cycle, thermal energy, temperature