Thermal runaway simulation of large-scale lithium iron phosphate battery at elevated temperatures

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0249

Abstract

Abstract:

Elevated temperature is the most direct trigger of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, so it is crucial to study the thermal runaway characteristics and mechanism of lithium-ion batteries at elevated temperatures. This paper presents the study of 109 A·h large-scale lithium iron phosphate power batteries, and an oven thermal runaway model at six different temperatures (140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃) is presented via COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the thermal runaway characteristics and temperature distribution of the battery under high temperatures. The studies showed that the battery does not trigger thermal runaway at temperatures of 140 ℃ and 145 ℃, but does trigger thermal runaway at higher temperatures. The higher the oven temperature, the earlier the thermal runaway occurs, and the rate of temperature rise is also accelerated. Through the analysis of the decomposition concentration of each side reaction in the thermal runaway, it is observed that only the decomposition of the solid electrolyte interphase layer and anode occurred in the non-thermal runaway cases. The reaction between the cathode and the electrolyte is the main cause of thermal runaway. Finally, by comparing the thermal runaway cases with the non-thermal runaway cases, it was found that the temperature distribution of the battery is uniform in the case of a non-thermal runaway, while the temperature uniformity is poor in the case of a thermal runaway. At higher temperatures, the thermal runaway of the battery is more severe, where the temperature distribution is extremely uneven and changes rapidly before and after thermal runaway. In such thermal runaways, it is predicted that the electrode materials have undergone irreversible decomposition leading to battery damage.

Key words: lithium ion battery safety, lithium iron phosphate, oven thermal runaway model, side reaction, temperature distribution

CLC Number:

TM 912

Wenxin MEI, Qiangling DUAN, Qingshan WANG, Yan LI, Xin LI, Jinda ZHU, Qingsong WANG. Thermal runaway simulation of large-scale lithium iron phosphate battery at elevated temperatures[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 202-209.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

The parameters of thermal runaway model"

参数	符号(单位)	负极	SEI	正极	电解液	来源
活化能 /J·mol^-1	E_a	1.3508E5	1.3508E5	1.396E5	2.74E5	[7]
指前因子/s^-1	A	2.5E13	1.667E15	6.667E13	5.14E25	[7]
化学反应生成焓/J·g^-1	H	1714	257	314	155	[7]
各组分质量/g	m	102	102	240	112	a
归一化浓度初始值	c₀	0.75	0.15	0.04	1	[8]
密度/kg·m^-3	$ρ$	2600				[9]
比热容 /J·(kg·K)^-1	$C p$	1100				[9]
导热系数 /W·(m·K)^-1	$λ$	$λ x = λ z = 21$ , $λ y = 1.1$				[9]
对流换热系数 /W·(m^-2·K^-1)	$h$	8.7				[10]
辐射率	$ε$	0.8				[10]

Table 1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

References 10

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烘箱温度/℃	140	145	150	155	160	165
电池最高温度/℃	150	162	208	229	240	247
电池最高温度对应时间/s	6095	5175	4635	3610	3030	2655

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