Mechanism experience of foreign grid-side storage participating in frequency regulation auxiliary service market and its enlightenment to China

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0370

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy storage is one of the important technologies to support the stable operation of power system with high renewable proportion. The participation of energy storage technology should be considered in the mechanism design of frequency regulation market in China. This paper first summarizes the status of grid-side energy storage technology in frequency regulation. The grid-side energy storage has advantages on response time and output adjustment to provide frequency regulation service for power grid. The development status of storage that provide frequency regulation service, the foreign market mechanisms for grid-side storage participating in the market, including the market access threshold, competing method and price mechanism, are analyzed from the frequency regulation auxiliary service markets of the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. The differences of the designs and their influences on energy storage participating the market are analyzed. Finally, based on our current situation, there are still some deficiencies and challenges in the design of energy storage participating in the China's frequency regulation market, including that most region do not definitely take storage as market member, the capacity access threshold of storage in most of the China's frequency regulation markets are twice or more than that in typical frequency regulation markets worldwide, and the lower limit of frequency regulation benefit is too low in certain regions to reflect the capacity value of storage. Based on the experience of foreign markets, frequency regulation could bring more than 6 GW needs for storage with suitable market mechanism design and thus storage should be the market member of frequency regulation market. The access threshold should be timely reduced in the design of China's frequency regulation auxiliary service market along with the development of market and technology to allow the participant of small distributed storage. The price mechanism should consider the two-part payment to reflect the capacity value of storage in frequency regulation and guarantee the minimum payment for storage.

Key words: energy storage, power market, market mechanism

CLC Number:

Hongyu ZHANG, Yu WANG. Mechanism experience of foreign grid-side storage participating in frequency regulation auxiliary service market and its enlightenment to China[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 766-773.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

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Fig. 1

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时间	法令	主要内容及进展
2007	890	赋予储能电站市场主体地位，允许其参与AGC（automatic generation control）调频服务
2011	755	按调频服务效果支付费用，制定储能提供调频服务的合理回报机制
2013	784	制定储能作为第三方提供辅助服务的结算和报告规则
2018	841	降低储能参与调频辅助服务市场门槛，允许储能在市场上提供其技术上能提供的所有服务。

区域市场	调频方向	出清	价格机制	根据调频效果调整收益
PJM	不区分	日前市场（每小时）+实时市场（每5 min）	容量+里程	根据历史效果得分和效益因子对容量和效果报价进行调整。调频市场出清价格是最高的中标机组调整后的报价，调频市场效果出清价格为中标机组调整后最高的效果报价，调频市场容量出清价格为调频市场出清价格与调频市场效果出清价格之差。中标设备容量补偿由中标容量、容量价格、历史效果得分和效益因子确定，里程补偿由实际里程、效果得分、效益因子和效果价格确定
加州	向上调频、向下调频	日前市场（每小时）+实时市场（每15 min）	容量+里程	中标设备的容量补偿由中标容量和边际容量价格确定，里程补偿由实际里程、准确度调整系数和里程倍增系数确定，其中准确度调整系数由15 min内调度指令之和、响应量与调度指令的偏差计算得到，运行日某一小时的里程倍增系数由前一周相应小时的实际运行数据计算得到
得州	向上调频+向下调频	日前市场（每小时）+调整阶段（需要时）	容量	—

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