Australia policy mechanisms and business models for energy storage and their applications to china

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0605

Abstract

Abstract:

The rise and advancement of energy storage cannot be separated from policy encouragement and mechanism support. Australia has a mature free power market, which provides the basis and conditions for energy storage to create a business model. Meanwhile, Australia has altered legislation and market rules inhibiting the growth of energy storage in recent years, progressively removing the barriers to large-scale application and participation in the power market, which is something China should learn from. In this study, the development status and future market demand for energy storage in Australia are first summarized. The income sources of household energy storage and large-scale energy storage participating in the power market are studied. Furthermore, the Australian Federal government's policy incentives and rule modifications in r&d and demonstration project support, state energy storage-related subsidies, market registration subject identity, transaction settlement mechanism, additional revenue sources, and other aspects are examined in depth. Finally, Australia's enlightenment in China is summarized.

Key words: energy storage, policy, electricity market, business model, cost recovery mechanism

CLC Number:

TK 9

Guojing LIU, Bingjie LI, Xiaoyan HU, Fen YUE, Jiqiang XU. Australia policy mechanisms and business models for energy storage and their applications to china[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2332-2343.

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项目	容量	项目地点与配置	投运时间
Hornsdale Power Reserve*	100 MW/129 MWh	和南澳大利亚州Hornsdale风电场共址建设，但储能电站拥有自己的连接点	2017年12月
Dalrymple ESCRI battery	30 MW/8 MWh	安装在南澳大利亚州Dalrymple变电站，靠近Wattle Point风电场	2018年9月
Ballarat Energy Storage System	30 MW/30 MWh	位于维多利亚州Ballarat区域终端站的独立系统	2018年11月
Gannawarra Energy Storage System	30 MW/25 MWh	位于维多利亚州，与Gannawarra光伏电站共址	2019年3月
Lake Bonney	25 MW/52 MWh	位于南澳大利亚州，与Lake Bonney风电场共址，并共享接入Mayurra变电站的连接点	2019年10月

州/区域	政策/激励措施	可再生能源目标
首都堪培拉	2500万美元下一代电池储能计划，用户获得的补贴最高可达825美元/kW	到2020年100%
新南威尔士州	对购买并安装电池储能系统的家庭提供最高9000美元的贷款，对购买屋顶光储系统的家庭用户提供高达14000美元的贷款。高额的FIT的关闭刺激着户用电池储能的投资	到2030年增加12 GW可再生能源
北领地	目前没有专门的政策。Home Improvement Scheme此前为购买光伏和电池的人提供 4000美元的代金券，参与者被要求必须支付系统价格的50%以上	到2030年50%
昆士兰州	2018年提供免息贷款和返款以刺激电池的使用；凡是在州数据库上注册他们储能系统的所有者能获得50美元奖励；为1000个家庭，提供最高3000美元的退税和1万美元的免息贷款	到2030年50%
南澳大利亚州	家庭电池计划HBS：1亿美元补助计划促进电池在4万个家庭的使用；1亿美元CEFC贷款；1.5亿美元Renewable Technology Fund支持大量的可调度的可再生能源项目；5千万美元大规模储能基金	到2030年100%
塔斯马尼亚	“国家之电池”抽水蓄能可行性调查，提出20万美元的微网试验项目	已经达到100%可再生能源
维多利亚州	针对典型项目，ARENA提供2500万美元的支持，维多利亚政府提供2500万美元的支持光伏家庭包：为年收入低于18万美元的10万个家庭，提供50%的电池安装成本补贴，每个家庭不高于4835美元	到2030年50%
西澳	拨款600万美元建立一个未来电池工业合作研究中心	支持国家可再生能源目标

项目	辅助服务类型	服务说明	市场
市场化辅助服务（FCAS市场）	调节调频 (Regulation FCAS)	增加MW，提升频率使其靠近50 Hz	向上
	调节调频 (Regulation FCAS)	降低MW，降低频率使其靠近50 Hz	向下
	应急调频（Contingency FCAS）	紧急事件时在6 s内提供调频服务(快速服务)	向上
		紧急事件时在6 s内提供调频服务(快速服务)	向下
		紧急事件时在60 s内提供调频服务(慢速服务)	向上
		紧急事件时在60 s内提供调频服务(慢速服务)	向下
		紧急事件时在5 min内提供调频服务(延迟服务)	向上
		紧急事件时在5 min内提供调频服务(延迟服务)	向下
非市场化辅助服务（NMAS）	NSCAS	由AEMO采购，用于控制网络不同节点的电压，并将电流控制在标准范围内	无功
	NSCAS	由AEMO采购，用于控制网络不同节点的电压，并将电流控制在标准范围内	切负荷
	SRAS	发电机组重启，使输电系统在重大机组脱网后恢复供电	黑启动

项目	辅助服务类型	支付方式	支付对象	成本疏导方式	成本分摊主体
市场化辅助服务(FCAS市场)	调节调频 (regulation FCAS)	基于市场出清价格和每个调度间隔提供的服务量进行支付	接受调度的(scheduled)相关市场发电商/市场用户	“肇事者”承担，如有剩余，剩余部分由所有市场用户按照用电量分摊	向上服务成本由市场发电商和市场小型发电聚合商分摊；向下服务成本由市场用户分摊
市场化辅助服务(FCAS市场)	应急调频 (contingency FCAS)	基于市场出清价格和每个调度间隔提供的服务量进行支付	接受调度的(scheduled)相关市场发电商/市场小型发电聚合商/市场用户	按相关市场参与者用电/发电的比例进行分摊	有独立MPFs¹⁾的市场参与方或者没有独立MPFs的市场用户承担
非市场化辅助服务(NMAS)	NSCAS	基于AEMO和注册市场参与方之间的合同协议条款进行支付	签订合同的相关市场注册参与方	按照受益区域内相关市场参与方的用电量按比例进行分摊	仅市场用户承担
非市场化辅助服务(NMAS)	SRAS	基于AEMO和注册市场参与方之间的合同协议条款进行支付	签订合同的相关市场注册参与方	按照受益区域内相关市场参与方的用电量按比例进行分摊	市场用户和市场发电商按照50/50进行分摊

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