Research progress of heat storage and heat transfer enhancement based on phase change materials

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0605

Abstract

Abstract:

Phase change thermal energy storage is one of the energy storage technologies with a wide range of applications due to its advantages of high heat storage density and stable phase transition temperature, but the low coefficient of thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM) has hampered the further development of this technology. It is an efficient method of increasing the thermal conductivity of PCM as well as the heat transfer rate of the thermal storage device. There have been a large number of review articles published on the research progress of thermal conductivity enhancement of PCM, but there have been fewer summaries for heat transfer enhancement of the heat storage device. This paper reviews the research progress of heat storage devices and their heat transfer enhancement over the last decade. To meet various application needs, different types of phase change heat storage devices emerges. Based on its working mode and structure, it is classified into four types: shell and tube type, filled bed type, plate type, and heat pipe type. The working principle, advantages and disadvantages of the four types of heat storage devices, and the progress of heat transfer enhancement research are systematically summarized, majorly comparing the heat transfer rate and charge/discharge performance of conventional heat storage devices and those after structural optimization. The results show that improving the internal structure of the heat storage and expanding the external structure can effectively increase the heat storage capacity and charge/discharge rate, which improves system capacity. The finding demonstrate that future research should focus on clarifying the multi-phase coupling heat transfer mechanism inside the heat storage device, improving the heat storage device's adaptability to dynamic working conditions, and broadening the application range.

Key words: phase change thermal energy storage, thermal energy storage device, structure optimization, heat transfer enhancement

CLC Number:

TK 172

Yucheng DAI, Zengpeng WANG, Kaibao LIU, Jiateng ZHAO, Changhui LIU. Research progress of heat storage and heat transfer enhancement based on phase change materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(2): 431-458.

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项目	STHS	PBHS	PHS	HPHS
优势	强度高，稳定性强，结构简单	与加热源直接接触，减少热损失	传热系数高，板片形式多样化	良好的导热性和均温性
劣势	占地面积大，连接处易泄漏	复杂的扰流和相变过程	对传热介质要求高，容易发生堵塞	抗氧化，耐高温性能较差
核心部件	挡板	储热罐	传热板片	热管
应用	高温	中高温	中低温	中低温
储热规模	大中型	大型	大型	中小型

文献	翅片类型	翅片材料	PCM	结论
Shen等^[15]	纵向翅片	铝	硝酸钠	翅片长度和翅片数的增加减弱了热辐射的作用
Li等^[16]	纵向翅片	铜	石蜡	添加纵向翅片后石蜡熔化时间减少54.1%
Khan等^[17]	纵向翅片	铜	石蜡	石蜡的低热传导率对STHS的影响显著降低
Mahdi等^[18]	纵向翅片	铝，带金属泡沫条	RT82	带有泡沫条的纵向翅片使PCM熔化速度提高58%，凝固速度提高了42%
Pizzolato等^[19]	纵向翅片	铜	高导电材料	使用设计良好的翅片可以显著增强PCM熔化和凝固过程，并且减少储热时间
Deng等^[20]	径向翅片	铜	月桂酸	采用局部双翅片能够加快熔化速度，翅片布置最佳角度时的PCM完全熔化时间可节省66.7%
Paria等^[21]	径向翅片	铜	石蜡	翅片密度的增加提升了PCM熔化和凝固过程中的储热速率
Pu等^[22]	径向翅片	铝	RT35	径向翅片使PCM熔化时间减少了44.0%
Li等^[23]	径向翅片	铜	石蜡	最佳的穿孔翅片结构使PCM熔化时间缩短了5.49%，装置储热效率提高了0.21%
Wang等^[24]	径向翅片	玻璃、不锈钢、锡、铝基碳化硅、铝和铜	棕榈酸甲酯、CaCl₂·6H₂O、石蜡、正十八烷、聚乙二醇和镓	翅片间距较小时，采用较大的翅片高度和厚度对储热性能起到很好效果
Wołoszyn等^[25]	螺旋翅片	铜	RT50	带螺旋翅片的STHS储热效率提高至77%
Rozenfeld等^[26]	螺旋翅片	铝	96%C₂₀H₄₂	PCM熔化时间减少了了30%
Mehta等^[27]	螺旋翅片	铝	硬脂酸	螺旋翅片的安装使得储/放热时间分别缩短了41.28%和22.16%
Duan等^[28]	螺旋翅片	铜	RT82	螺旋翅片起到的综合作用较优
Li等^[29]	纵向+径向+ 螺旋翅片	铝合金	NePCMs(金属/氧化物纳米颗粒、碳纳米管和石墨烯复合材料)	PCM熔化前期，纵向翅片装置性能较优；而后期螺旋翅片装置的储热效果最好

参考文献	研究设计	图片	PCM	结论
Ladekar等^[115]	GHP长度比和直径		石蜡	当HPLR为0.9，直径为18 mm时，系统储热时间增加了近186%
白烨^[116]	管径、冷热端高度差等	，	赤藻糖醇	大管径和较大高度差促进HPHS系统实现高效稳定储热过程
Sharifi等^[117]	GHP蒸发段和冷凝段长度比		石蜡(正十八烷)	GHP蒸发段与冷凝段长度比对系统温度均匀性的影响较大
Zhao等^[118]	新型嵌入式GHP		石蜡	新型嵌入式GHP具有良好的传热性能和温度均匀性
Mahdavi等^[119]	一级和二级GHP组成热管网络		镓	一级和二级GHP的配置使系统热量输入功率达到了3000 W
Motahar等^[120]	嵌入式GHP		石蜡(正十八烷)	嵌入式GHP使PCM熔化时间缩短了53%，凝固时间缩短了49%
Tiari等^[121]	添加翅片		硝酸钾	增加翅片数量和减小热管间距可以提高系统内部传热速率
Zhang等^[122]	翅片和泡沫铜组合		硝酸钾	翅片和泡沫铜的组合大大增强了HPHS的储热性能
Zhang等^[123]	添加翅片		镓	随着翅片数从38增加到150，温度均匀性提高了31.7%
Liu等^[124]	复合颗粒PCM		硝酸盐、硝酸钠、硝酸钾和膨润土	系统具有优异的储/放热性能，内部温度均匀性十分良好
Hu等^[125]	复合颗粒PCM		硝酸盐、硝酸钠、硝酸钾和膨润土	系统在70 ℃以上接近恒温，PCM传热性能优良

文献	热管类型	PCM	结论
Wang等^[126]	平板热管	月桂酸	新设计的FHP具有很高的传热效率，并在大风量下减少了系统的热损失
Wang等^[127]	平板热管	石蜡	新型HPHS具有热收集效率高和储/放热能量高的优点
Wang等^[128]	平板热管	月桂酸	平均热阻从0.084 K/W减小至0.071 K/W， FHP有效热导率随着倾角的增大先减小后增大
Liu等^[129]	平板热管	月桂酸	加热和冷却段的长度为160 mm时，此时HPHS具有最佳的储/放热性能
Diao等^[130]	平板热管	月桂酸	增加翅片高度可以有效增加HPHS的储热容量
蒋俊峰^[131]	平板热管	石蜡	FHP有效改善了系统的温度均匀性
钦斌^[132]	平板热管	癸酸	冷凝段长度越小，蓄热过程中自然对流现象越明显， PCM整体熔化所需时间越短
Diallo等^[133]	环路热管	石蜡	更高的质量流量和更多热管数量可以增强系统的储热效率
Tesfay等^[134]	环路热管	硝酸盐	HPHS可以有效实现远距离供热

文献	研究设计	PCM	结论
罗孝学等^[136]	PHP管径、壁厚、弯头数、工作介质等	Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O	PHP大大节省了储热时间，优化了传热均匀性
Xu等^[137]	PHP形状	石蜡	PHP作为吸收器时系统工作热阻约为0.26 ℃/W
Ling等^[138]	叶形三维PHP	石蜡	新型结构PHP热阻与普通PHP相比降低了36.3%
Zhao等^[139]	PHP匝数	石蜡	PHP的振荡稳定性和启动温度主要取决于匝数。
陈洋^[140]	“花”型PHP结构	石蜡	“花”型HPHS的最高瞬时集热效率可达50%