Venting characteristics and flammability limit of thermal runaway gas of lithium ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0618

Abstract

Abstract:

The safety problem of thermal runaway of lithium ion battery has always been a pain point for the development of electric vehicles. In this paper, the thermal runaway release gas and its flammability limit and flame propagation characteristics of ternary 18650 lithium-ion battery at SOC of 50% and 100% were studied by experiment and simulation. Firstly, the heating triggered thermal runaway experiment is carried out in the accelerated calorimeter. The vented gas was collected and its components proportion was then detected using the gas chromatograph to study the effect of SOC on the comprehensive characteristics of thermal runaway gas production. The laminar flame speed and flammability limit of heat release gas at different initial temperatures and pressures were simulated. The results show that when the initial temperature of heat release gas is high, the lower flammability limit is close to 10%, which has a high ignition risk; The lower flammability limit decreases linearly with the increase of initial temperature, and the upper flammability limit increases linearly with the increase of initial temperature; When the initial pressure changes, it has little effect on the lower flammability limit, and the upper flammability limit increases with the increase of pressure.

Key words: lithium ion battery, thermal runaway, battery venting gas, flammability limits

CLC Number:

TK 02

Biao MA, Chunjing LIN, Lei LIU, Xiaole MA, Tianyi MA, Shiqiang LIU. Venting characteristics and flammability limit of thermal runaway gas of lithium ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1592-1600.

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特征参数	1#	2#
SOC	100%	50%
密封罐中气氛	氮气	氮气
热失控电池最高温度T_max/℃	586.840	615.181
加热开始至热失控时间∆t_max/min	100.493	102.762
瞬时最大气压p/bar	5.516	3.841
瞬时最大产气量/L	6.372	3.794
稳态产气量/L	4.280	2.370
瞬时最大产气速率dV/dt /(L/min)	52.946	8.306
测试前电池质量/g	47.10	46.52
测试后电池质量/g	28.99	32.20
电池质量损失率/%	38.45	30.78

组分	SOC=100%	SOC=50%
H₂	17.611	8.189
CO	26.723	11.231
CO₂	45.241	70.287
CH₄	5.748	4.091
C₂H₄	1.91	2.538
C₃H₆	0.069	0.161

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