Effects of state of charge and battery layout on thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0177

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently, studies on the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium-ion batteries mainly focus on the battery shape and trigger mode. This study uses a self-developed lithium-ion battery array cascade thermal-runaway experimental platform to investigate the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium-ion batteries using different states of charge (SOC) and arrangement intervals. The results show that the rate of thermal runaway propagation decreases with a decrease in SOC. The total duration of thermal runaway propagation in a 70%SOC battery pack is 70 seconds longer than that in a 100%SOC battery pack. The maximum thermal runaway propagation temperature in a 100%SOC battery pack can reach 621.81 ℃, and no thermal runaway propagation occurs in a 50%SOC battery pack. For batteries with 100%SOC, the larger the transverse spacing between batteries, the more difficult it is for a thermal runaway to spread between battery packs. Thermal runaway will not spread in battery packs when the transverse spacing between batteries is 3 mm. The thermal runaway between batteries mainly propagates in a layer-by-layer approach. The research has a high application value for optimizing battery layout and preventing and controlling battery thermal runaway propagation.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, state of charge, battery layout, thermal runaway propagation

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

Qingsong ZHANG, Yang ZHAO, Tiantian LIU. Effects of state of charge and battery layout on thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2519-2525.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 3

Table 4

References 18

1	YE J N, CHEN H D, WANG Q S, et al. Thermal behavior and failure mechanism of lithium ion cells during overcharge under adiabatic conditions[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 182: 464-474.
2	芮新宇, 冯旭宁, 韩雪冰, 等. 锂离子电池热失控蔓延问题研究综述[J]. 电池工业, 2020, 24(4): 193-201, 205.
	RUI X Y, FENG X N, HAN X B, et al. Review on the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Battery Industry, 2020, 24(4): 193-201, 205.
3	WANG Q S, PING P, ZHAO X J, et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 208: 210-224.
4	LYON R E, WALTERS R N. Energetics of lithium ion battery failure[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 318: 164-172.
5	GAO T F, WANG Z R, CHEN S C, et al. Hazardous characteristics of charge and discharge of lithium-ion batteries under adiabatic environment and hot environment[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 141: 419-431.
6	WANG Z, TONG X, LIU K, et al. Calculation methods of heat produced by a lithium-ion battery under charging-discharging condition[J]. Fire and Materials, 2018: doi: 10.1002/fam.2690.
7	JUAREZ-ROBLES D, VYAS A A, FEAR C, et al. Overdischarge and aging analytics of Li-ion cells[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2020, 167(9): 090558.
8	MAO N, WANG Z R, CHUNG Y H, et al. Overcharge cycling effect on the thermal behavior, structure, and material of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 163: doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114147.
9	SHIM K H, LEE S K, KANG B S, et al. Investigation on blanking of thin sheet metal using the ductile fracture criterion and its experimental verification[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004, 155/156: 1935-1942.
10	张青松, 刘添添, 赵洋. 受限空间环境压力对三元锂离子电池热失控影响[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2021, 17(6): 36-40.
	ZHANG Q S, LIU T T, ZHAO Y. Influence of environmental pressure in confined space on thermal runaway of ternary lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2021, 17(6): 36-40.
11	BANDHAUER T M, GARIMELLA S, FULLER T F. A critical review of thermal issues in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011, 158(3): doi: 10.1149/1.3515880.
12	MAO B B, HUANG P F, CHEN H D, et al. Self-heating reaction and thermal runaway criticality of the lithium ion battery[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 149: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119178.
13	张青松, 程相静, 白伟. 细水雾添加剂抑制锂电池火灾最佳浓度研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2018, 14(5): 43-50.
	ZHANG Q S, CHENG X J, BAI W. Study on optimum concentration of additives in water mist for suppression of lithium battery fire[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2018, 14(5): 43-50.
14	张青松, 姜乃文, 罗星娜, 等. 锂离子电池热失控多米诺效应实证研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(10): 252-256.
	ZHANG Q S, JIANG N W, LUO X N, et al. Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway domino effect experimental verification research[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(10): 252-256.
15	FENG X N, SUN J, OUYANG M G, et al. Characterization of penetration induced thermal runaway propagation process within a large format lithium ion battery module[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 275: 261-273.
16	LAMB J, ORENDORFF C J, STEELE L A M, et al. Failure propagation in multi-cell lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 283: 517-523.
17	胡棋威. 锂离子电池热失控传播特性及阻断技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国舰船研究院, 2015.
	HU Q W. Study on lithium-ion batteries thermal runaway propagation characteristics and blocking techniques[D]. Beijing: China Ship Research and Development Academy, 2015.
18	GAO S, LU L G, OUYANG M, et al. Experimental study on module-to-module thermal runaway-propagation in a battery pack[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(10): A2065-A2073.

参数	数值
高度/mm	65
重量/g	44±0.6
直径/mm	18
额定容量/mAh	2600
放电截止电压/V	2.75
充电电压/V	4.2
阳极	石墨
阴极	钴酸锂

方案	1号电池热失控温度/℃	传播到第二节电池时间/s	热失控从第二层传播到第三层时间/s	电池组热失控最高温度/℃	热失控传播结束时间/s
1	206.13	—	—	—	—
2	188.56	119	11	486.15	224
3	150.53	7	3	621.81	20

方案	1号电池热失控温度/℃	热失控传播到第二节电池时间/s	热失控从第二层传播到第三层时间/s	电池组热失控最高温度/℃	热失控传播结束时间/s
3	150.53	7	3	621.81	20
4	192.31	176	17	508.93	193
5	163.56	—	—	—	—
6	144.61	128	9	444.27	241

[1]	Tao SUN, Tengteng SHEN, Xin LIU, Dongsheng REN, Jinhai LIU, Yuejiu ZHENG, Luyan WANG, Languang LU, Minggao OUYANG. Application of titration gas chromatography technology in the quantitative detection of lithium plating in Li-ion batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2564-2573.
[2]	Yang WANG, Xu LU, Yuxin ZHANG, Long LIU. Thermal runaway exhaust strategy of power battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2480-2487.
[3]	Yong MA, Xiaohan LI, Lei SUN, Dongliang GUO, Jinggang YANG, Jianjun LIU, Peng XIAO, Guangjun QIAN. Parameter design of lithium-ion batteries based on a three-dimensional electrochemical thermal coupling lithium precipitation model [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2600-2611.
[4]	Liang TANG, Xiaobo YIN, Houfu WU, Pengjie LIU, Qingsong WANG. Demand for safety standards in the development of the electrochemical energy storage industry [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2645-2652.
[5]	Liping HUO, Weiling LUAN, Zixian ZHUANG. Development trend of lithium-ion battery safety technology for energy storage [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2671-2680.
[6]	Zhicheng CAO, Kaiyun ZHOU, Jiali ZHU, Gaoming LIU, Min YAN, Shun TANG, Yuancheng CAO, Shijie CHENG, Weixin ZHANG. Patent analysis of fire-protection technology of lithium-ion energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2664-2670.
[7]	Yue ZHANG, Depeng KONG, Ping PING. Performance and design optimization of a cold plate for inhibiting thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion battery packs [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2432-2441.
[8]	Chengshan XU, Borui LU, Mengqi ZHANG, Huaibin WANG, Changyong JIN, Minggao OUYANG, Xuning FENG. Study on thermal runaway gas evolution in the lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2418-2431.
[9]	Wei KONG, Jingtao JIN, Xipo LU, Yang SUN. Study on cooling performance of lithium ion batteries with symmetrical serpentine channel [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2258-2265.
[10]	Tian WU, Mincheng LIN, Hao HAI, Haiyu SUN, Zhaoyin WEN, Fuyuan MA. Development of high-power Ni-MH battery system for primary frequency modulation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2213-2221.
[11]	Shunmin YI, Linbo XIE, Li PENG. Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on VF-DW-DFN [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2305-2315.
[12]	Qingwei ZHU, Xiaoli YU, Qichao WU, Yidan XU, Fenfang CHEN, Rui HUANG. Semi-empirical degradation model of lithium-ion battery with high energy density [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2324-2331.
[13]	Yuzuo WANG, Jin WANG, Yinli LU, Dianbo RUAN. Study on the effects of pore structure on lithium-storage performances for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2023-2029.
[14]	WANG Yuzuo, DENG Miao, WANG Jin, YANG Bin, LU Yinli, JIN Ge, RUAN Dianbo. Study on the effects of carbonization temperature on lithium-storage kinetics for soft carbon [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1715-1724.
[15]	YU Chunhui, HE Ziying, ZHANG Chenxi, LIN Xianqing, XIAO Zhexi, WEI Fei. The analyses and suppressing strategies of silicon anode with the electrolyte [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1749-1759.