Fig. 1

280 Ah cell and battery pack model"

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of guide plate structure"

Table 1

Parameters of guide plate dimensions"

Table 2

Parameters of battery cells and air"

Fig. 3

Verification of mesh independence (a) and time step independence (b)"

Fig. 4

Two different air duct structures"

Fig. 5

3D temperature contours of two different flow channel types"

Fig. 6

Cross-sectional temperature and velocity contours of two different flow channel types"

Fig. 7

Temperature rise of surface temperature, average temperature, and maximum temperature for battery cells with two different structures"

Fig. 8

Variation of surface temperature, average temperature, and overall temperature difference with time for two different structures"

Fig. 9

3D temperature contours with and without guide plates"

Fig. 10

Cross-sectional velocity streamlines for different cell spacings without guide plates (y=100)"

Fig. 11

3D contour plot of vortex magnitude in the flow channel with and without the baffle structure"

Fig. 12

Comparison of maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference rise for different cell spacings with and without guide plates"

Fig. 13

Cross-sectional velocity contours for different hole sizes (y=100)"

Fig. 14

Pressure drop in flow channels for different hole sizes"

Fig. 15

Schematic diagram of flow velocities in channels with different hole sizes"

Fig. 16

Comparison of maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference for hole sizes of 6 mm and 8 mm"

Fig. 17

Variation of maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference at different inlet air velocities"

Fig. 18

Pressure drop distribution at different inlet air velocities"