Study on the electrochemical performance failure mechanisms and thermal safety of lithium iron phosphate battery during storage conditions

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1061

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium iron phosphate batteries have gained widespread application in energy storage owing to their long cycle life, high safety, and low cost, making them one of the mainstream electrochemical energy storage devices. However, research on the performance degradation and safety of LFP batteries during stationary storage remains limited and is not sufficiently comprehensive. This study focuses on commercial cylindrical LFP batteries, investigating the evolution of electrochemical performance and failure mechanisms under varying temperature gradients (from room temperature to 72 ℃ and different states of charge (SOCs ranging from 0 to 100%). A series of composite storage simulation experiments were conducted, employing various nondestructive analysis techniques and adiabatic acceleration calorimeters (ARCs). The experimental results have shown that the state of health (SOH) and thermal runaway characteristics of LFP batteries during storage are significantly affected by temperature and SOC. The capacity attenuation rate of LFP battery with 100% SOC at 72 ℃ is 22.1 times that at room temperature and 5.6 times that with 0 SOC. Higher temperatures and higher SOC levels accelerate capacity fading, mainly owing to the loss of active lithium ions and active materials within the battery. Conversely, the thermal safety of LFP batteries during storage has been improved, which may be attributed to the reduced energy within the battery system caused by the depletion of active materials. Finally, a semi-empirical prediction model of LFP battery capacity decay is constructed based on the characteristic peak strength using the incremental capacity (IC) method. This study provides valuable technical guidance for the operation, maintenance, and safety measures required for LFP batteries in future large-scale energy storage applications.

Key words: LFP battery, storage failure, state of charge (SOC), LLI, thermal safety

CLC Number:

TM 911.3

Honghui WANG, Jiaxin LI, Deren CHU, Yanyi LI, Ting XU. Study on the electrochemical performance failure mechanisms and thermal safety of lithium iron phosphate battery during storage conditions[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1797-1805.

Figures/Tables 12

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SOC/%	温度/°C
SOC/%	RT	40	60	72
100	2	3	3	3
50	2	/	/	3
0	2	/	/	3

样品	z	R²
LFP-RT/100SOC	0.46	0.9812
LFP-40/100SOC	0.78	0.9969
LFP-60/100SOC	0.84	0.9905
LFP-72/100SOC	0.74	0.9964
LFP-72/50SOC	0.67	0.9832
LFP-72/0SOC	0.78	0.9942

样品	E_a/(kJ/mol)
样品	II	III	IV
LFP-New	32.3	111.2	114.9
LFP-RT/100SOC	32.9	116.4	99.0
LFP-40/100SOC	31.3	108.2	81.0
LFP-60/100SOC	30.9	105.3	43.9
LFP-72/100SOC	29.3	116.4	22.4
LFP-72/50SOC	29.7	101.5	60.5
LFP-72/0SOC	30.1	106.0	98.8

样品	皮尔逊系数	斜率	截距	R²
LFP-40/100SOC	0.9566	0.4020	57.04	0.9151
LFP-60/100SOC	0.9949	0.3254	65.22	0.9898
LFP-72/100SOC	0.9972	0.3677	62.57	0.9944
LFP-72/0SOC	0.9867	0.4707	52.91	0.9735
LFP-72/50SOC	0.9852	0.4118	60.41	0.9706
All	0.9810	0.3479	63.16	0.9624

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