Progress on safety modification strategies for lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0579

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries offer several advantages, including high specific energy, extended cycle life, high power output, and low environmental impact, making them widely used in applications such as new energy vehicles, aviation, and energy storage. However, as the energy density of lithium-ion batteries increases, safety concerns have become more pronounced, attracting significant attention. To address these challenges and enhance battery safety, researchers have explored various strategies to mitigate thermal runaway. This study reviews relevant articles on the thermal runaway mechanism of Li-ion batteries and the optimization and improvement of battery materials to reduce the degree of thermal runaway. First, the potential mechanism of thermal runaway triggering and various stages of reaction are reviewed, including solid electrolyte interface decomposition, negative electrode and electrolyte reaction, electrolyte decomposition, and positive and negative electrode redox reaction, which generate substantial heat and combustible gases. Second, based on the thermal runaway trigger mechanism, the improvement measures and defects at the material level are summarized, such as the use of metalized plastic current collector collectors, the addition of flame retardants or self-destructors, and the use of high-safety electrolyte and multi-functional separators. The challenges associated with the development of high-safety batteries, such as improving safety while accompanied by electrical performance reduction, are also outlined. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the thermal runaway triggering mechanism of lithium-ion batteries and strategies to improve battery safety, offering insights for future research focused on developing safer lithium-ion batteries and advancing the field.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway mechanism, battery material, thermal safety

CLC Number:

TQ 152

Wenjing ZHANG, Wei XIAO, Yahui YI, Liqin QIAN. Progress on safety modification strategies for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 104-123.

Figures/Tables 13

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指标	PE	PP	PP/PE/PP	陶瓷/PET/陶瓷
熔点/℃	135	165	135/165	220
厚度/μm	20	25	20	25
孔隙率/%	43	40	42	＞40
离子电阻率/(Ω·cm²)	2.23	2.55	1.36	—

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