Fire suppression experiment of lithium iron phosphate battery with composite water extinguishing agent

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0651

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the suppression effect of composite water extinguishing agents on lithium-ion battery fires, fire extinguishing experiments were conducted using water-soluble salts and surfactants at varying concentrations of a single component. Based on the results, four complex solutions (CS) were synthesized. The study focused on the surface tension and pyrolysis characteristics of fire extinguishing agents to determine the mechanism behind fire suppression. Simultaneously, various experiments were conducted to investigate characteristics of fine water mist parameters in extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires, focusing on the impact of working pressure and atomization cone angle on the effect of fire suppression. The results showed that applying four compound extinguishing agents can effectively inhibit the thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries. The results of the comprehensive evaluation of various extinguishing parameters and the effectiveness of extinguishing agents indicated that the CS-4 extinguishing agent, which is formulated with 0.15% FC-4 (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride), 1% APG0810 (alkyl glucoside), 0.32% CH₄N₂O (urea), and 2% NaHCO₃ (sodium bicarbonate), demonstrated an outstanding comprehensive extinguishing effect. High-pressure fine water mist had a stronger flame suppression ability, whereas the flame under low-pressure fine water mist appeared to be intensified after being initially suppressed. The fire suppression efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent showed a V-shaped trend with the increase of water mist atomization cone angle, and the best effect was achieved when the atomization cone angle was 60°. The comprehensive research on the characteristic parameters of composite water extinguishing agents and water mist extinguishing systems can provide references for developing fire control strategies and extinguishing agents for lithium-ion battery fires and the safety protection of lithium battery energy storage power stations.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, high efficiency extinguishing agent, fire fighting effectiveness, fire extinguishing mechanism, water mist

CLC Number:

X 932

Ke LI, Shunbing ZHU, Zhige TAO, He WANG. Fire suppression experiment of lithium iron phosphate battery with composite water extinguishing agent[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 140-151.

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基本参数	数值
电池尺寸/mm	8×118×155
电池重量/g	250
标称电压/V	3.2
标称容量/Ah	10
充电截止电压/V	3.65
放电截止电压/V	2.3

组分	添加剂种类	质量分数/%
碳酸氢钠(NaHCO₃)	钠盐添加剂	1	1.5	2	2.5
尿素(CH₄N₂O)	助溶剂	0.28	0.3	0.32	0.34
全氟丁基磺酰氟(FC-4)	阳离子表面活性剂	0.1	0.15	0.2	0.25
癸基葡糖苷(APG0810)	发泡剂	0.5	1	1.5	2

组别	T_max/℃	V₁/(℃/s)	V₂/(℃/s)	t/s	β/10^-6
纯水	469	5.419	0.178	65	1.08
CS-1	451	5.032	0.405	57	3.13
CS-2	439	2.674	0.505	54	7.97
CS-3	442	3.944	0.469	52	4.98
CS-4	433	2.564	0.770	52	13.34

组别	第一个吸热峰温度范围/℃	第一个热焓/(J/g)	第二个吸热峰温度范围/℃	第二个热焓/(J/g)	总热焓/(J/g)	总失重率/%
CS-1	41.58～129.4	1873.9	137.34～183.71	89.67	1962.67	78.97
CS-2	30.67～123.1	2023.19	131.98～176.2	88.97	2112.16	91.8
CS-3	20.58～110.38	1923.7	115.9～184.21	90.2	2013.9	85.71
CS-4	19.33～111.5	2316.77	114.5～167.69	106.21	2422.98	94.86

波数/cm^-1	波长/μm	官能团	振动方式
3500～3300	2.86～3.03	O－H	伸缩
1680～1630	5.95～6.13	C＝O	伸缩
1655～1590	6.04～6.29	N－H	弯曲
1515～1390	6.60～7.19	C＝O	弯曲