Organic porous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0053

Abstract

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) can alleviate energy concerns to some extent via reversible storage of thermal energy. PCM-based heat accumulation technology holds significant potential for temperature regulation and thermal storage applications. However, their wider development and application are limited by deficiencies such as low thermal conductivity, leakage during the solid-liquid phase change process, and a single function. Interestingly, organic, porous, and shape-stabilized materials, primarily biomass-based and polymer-based porous materials, have been recognized as support materials for constructing shape-stabilized composite PCMs. Multi-function PCMs with stable shapes can be prepared by encapsulating PCMs with organic, porous, and shape-stabilized materials combined with other functional materials, effectively addressing the aforementioned problems in the field of phase-change heat storage. This paper describes four preparation methods—physical blending, vacuum impregnation, chemical grafting, and electrospinning of biomass-based and polymer-based multi-porous composite phase-change thermal storage materials and compares their advantages and limitations. Thereafter, the latest advances in the preparation of organic, porous, and shape-stabilized composite PCMs through direct and functional compositing methods are reviewed to understand the inherent limitations of traditional PCMs. The thermal properties of these composite materials are systematically summarized. Additionally, the typical applications of these PCMs in the fields of solar energy storage, industrial waste heat, intelligent buildings, wearable fabrics, electronic devices, and biomedicine are described. Furthermore, the current challenges are highlighted to inspire more research ideas for developing in detail novel and excellent properties of composite PCMs.

Key words: phase change materials, organic porous shape-stabilized materials, composite materials, thermal energy storage

CLC Number:

TB 34

Taotao LIU, Shaopeng ZHANG, Yifei WANG, Xipeng LIN. Organic porous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2635-2653.

Figures/Tables 15

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储热形式	显热储热	相变储热	化学反应储热
储热密度/(J/g)	<600~800	约100~2900	300~3000
成本	低	高	较高
温度变化/℃	25~1200	0~800	100~1100
体积变化/%	约1	10~40	>1000(1 atm)
系统	较简单	简单	复杂
成熟度	工业规模	小规模	实验阶段
安全系数	较高	高	低

制备方法	优点	缺点
物理共混法	方法简单、成本较低	PCMs封装率低、受支架孔径影响
真空浸渍法	方法较简单、成本低	压力不易控制、受支架孔径影响
化学接枝法	PCMs分布均匀、分子间作用力强	方法复杂、成本高
静电纺丝法	制备的复合PCMs柔韧性好、比表面积大	方法复杂、效率低、成本较高

复合PCMs体系				复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
复合方式	载体材料	PCMs	添加剂	复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
直接复合	土豆、白萝卜	PEG	—	4.49	951.0	200	[34]
	棉花	PW	—	0.40	37.90	200	[35]
	瓜尔胶聚酰亚胺	PEG	—	0.62	100.0	100	[36]
	多肉植物	PW	—	0.43	72.00	20	[37]
	芦苇	PW	—	0.41	75.89	50	[39]

功能化复合	棉秆	PEG	银微球	0.78	300.0	100	[41]
	木材	STA	MoS₂	0.31	138.0	—	[42]
	竹子	PEG	碳纳米管	0.49	128.0	100	[43]
	脱脂棉	PW	SiC	0.61	205.0	100	[44]
	柚子皮	PEG	MXene	0.42	68.00	—	[50]

复合PCMs体系				复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
复合方式	载体材料	PCMs	添加剂	复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
直接复合	聚乙烯醇	PEG	—	0.35	12.90	8	[52]
	三聚氰胺泡沫	PW	—	0.30	2.0	100	[53]
	聚合物LDPE/SEBS	十六烷	—	0.24	72.14	3	[55]
	聚合物PTP-A	PEG	—	—	—	50	[56]
	聚合物HPP	1-十八醇	—	—	—	50	[57]

功能化复合	环氧树脂	PW	膨胀石墨	1.29	100.0	41	[60]
	烯烃嵌段共聚物	PW	氮化铝粉末膨胀石墨	1.56	262.0	200	[61]
	热塑性聚氨酯	LA	多壁碳纳米管	—	—	15	[62]
	聚二乙烯苯纳米管	PW	聚吡咯	—	—	500	[63]
	聚氨酯	PEG	聚多巴胺颗粒	0.37	39.62	2	[64]