Na-In alloy/Na2S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0405

Abstract

Abstract:

All-solid-state sodium batteries hold significant promise for large-scale energy storage due to their potential cost-effectiveness and safety. However, their practical application is limited by the high interfacial impedance between the solid electrolytes and sodium metal anode, as well as the risks of sodium dendrite growth. In this study, an In₂S₃ interfacial layer is introduced on the Na_3.4Zr_1.9Zn_0.1Si_2.2P_0.8O₁₂(NZZSPO) solid electrolyte via magnetron sputtering. This layer reacts in situ with the sodium metal anode to form a Na–In alloy/Na₂S interlayer at the NZZSPO/Na interface. The Na-In alloy/Na₂S interlayer improves the wettability at the solid electrolyte-anode interface, reduces the interfacial impedance, and significantly enhances the ability of the NZZSPO@In₂S₃ solid electrolyte to suppress sodium dendrite formation. The experimental results show that the critical current density of a symmetric battery based on the NZZSPO@In₂S₃ solid electrolyte is enhanced significantly, increasing from 2.6 to 8.2 mA/cm² at 60 ℃ and from 1.6 to 2.2 mA/cm² at room temperature. Moreover, the Na|In₂S₃@NZZSPO@In₂S₃|Na symmetric battery exhibited excellent cycling stability for 2000 h at 60 ℃ and 5 mA/cm². Even at room temperature, the battery can also operate stably at 1.5 mA/cm² for 1500 h. Additionally, the Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃|NZZSPO@In₂S₃|Na all-solid-state battery delivers an initial discharge capacity of 108.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C with a Coulombic efficiency of 95.4% and capacity retention of 94.8% after 100 cycles. Even at a higher current density of 1 C, the battery still demonstrates a capacity retention of 88.8% after 1000 cycles. This study provides an in situ approach for constructing a Na-In/Na₂S interlayer at the NZZSPO/Na interface, significantly enhancing the ability of the solid electrolyte to suppress sodium dendrite growth and offering a promising strategy for developing high-performance all-solid-state sodium batteries.

Key words: all-solid-state sodium battery, oxide solid electrolyte, In₂S₃ interface layer, sodium metal anode

CLC Number:

TM 912

Huazhang SUN, Hongli WAN, Xiayin YAO. Na-In alloy/Na₂S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(10): 3697-3704.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 27

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Na-In alloy/Na₂S interface layer enables stable all-solid-state sodium batteries

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